Android异步加载图像(含线程池,缓存方法)

jopen 12年前

研究了android从网络上异步加载图像:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

     在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

 private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {           handler.post(new Runnable() {                  public void run() {                      Drawable drawable = null;                      try {                          drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                      } catch (IOException e) {                      }                      ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                  }              });      }

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

 final Handler handler2=new Handler(){            @Override            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {               ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);            }        };


对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:

 // 引入线程池来管理多线程      private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {          executorService.submit(new Runnable() {              public void run() {                  try {                      final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                      handler.post(new Runnable() {                            public void run() {                              ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                          }                      });                  } catch (Exception e) {                      throw new RuntimeException(e);                  }              }          });      }

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {     //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)      public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();      private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务      private final Handler handler=new Handler();         /**       *       * @param imageUrl     图像url地址       * @param callback     回调接口       * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null       */      public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {          //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据          if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {              SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);              if (softReference.get() != null) {                  return softReference.get();              }          }          //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中           executorService.submit(new Runnable() {              public void run() {                  try {                      final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");                        imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));                        handler.post(new Runnable() {                          public void run() {                             callback.imageLoaded(drawable);                          }                      });                  } catch (Exception e) {                      throw new RuntimeException(e);                  }              }          });          return null;      }       //从网络上取数据方法      protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {          try {              return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");          } catch (Exception e) {              throw new RuntimeException(e);          }      }      //对外界开放的回调接口      public interface ImageCallback {          //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源          public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);      }  }

这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

 

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程      private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {            //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行           Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {               //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行               public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {                 ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);               }           });          if(cacheImage!=null){            ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);          }      }


5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {     //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)      private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();         /**       *       * @param imageUrl     图像url地址       * @param callback     回调接口       * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null       */      public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {          //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据          if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {              SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);              if (softReference.get() != null) {                  return softReference.get();              }          }            final Handler handler = new Handler() {              @Override              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);              }          };          new Thread() {              public void run() {                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);                  imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));                  handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));                }            }.start();          /*          下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法           */  //        new AsyncTask() {  //            @Override  //            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {  //                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);  //                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));  //                return  drawable;  //            }  //  //            @Override  //            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {  //                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);  //            }  //        }.execute();          return null;      }        protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {          try {              return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");          } catch (Exception e) {              throw new RuntimeException(e);          }      }      //对外界开放的回调接口      public interface ImageCallback {          public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);      }  }


至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;    import android.app.Activity;  import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;  import android.os.Bundle;  import android.os.Handler;  import android.os.Message;  import android.widget.ImageView;  import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;  import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;  import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;    import java.io.IOException;  import java.net.URL;  import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  import java.util.concurrent.Executors;    public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {         final Handler handler=new Handler();        final Handler handler2=new Handler(){            @Override            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {               ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);            }        };  private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务      private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();      private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();      @Override  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    setContentView(R.layout.main);      //  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);  //  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);  //  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);  //        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);  //  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);            loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);    loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);    loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);          loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);    loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);  //        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);  //  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);  //  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);  //        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);  //  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);    //        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);  //  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);  //  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);  //        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);  //  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);    //        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);  //        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时  //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);  //  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);  //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);  //  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);  //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);  //        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);  //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);  //  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);  //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);  //         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);  }    @Override  protected void onDestroy() {    executorService.shutdown();    super.onDestroy();  }      //线程加载图像基本原理      private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {           handler.post(new Runnable() {                  public void run() {                      Drawable drawable = null;                      try {                          drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                      } catch (IOException e) {                      }                      ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                  }              });      }       //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载       private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {           Thread thread = new Thread(){               @Override               public void run() {                 Drawable drawable = null;                      try {                          drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                      } catch (IOException e) {                      }                    Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;                   message.arg1 = id;                   message.obj = drawable;                   handler2.sendMessage(message);               }           };           thread.start();           thread = null;      }      // 引入线程池来管理多线程      private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {          executorService.submit(new Runnable() {              public void run() {                  try {                      final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                      handler.post(new Runnable() {                            public void run() {                              ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                          }                      });                  } catch (Exception e) {                      throw new RuntimeException(e);                  }              }          });      }      //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程      private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {            //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行           Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {               //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行               public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {                 ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);               }           });          if(cacheImage!=null){            ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);          }      }        //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口      private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {            //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行           Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {               //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行               public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {                 ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);               }           });          if(cacheImage!=null){                      ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);          }      }      }



xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                android:layout_width="fill_parent"                android:orientation="vertical"                android:layout_height="fill_parent" >    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>     <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>      <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>      <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>      <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>  </LinearLayout>

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/itachi85/article/details/7589660