“Github”里的“hub”改用Go语言开发

jopen 9年前

刚刚过去的2014年是Go语言重要的一年,不仅版本升级到了1.4,而且Go语言的集成开发环境LiteIDE也发布了x26,还在云计算方便吸引力不是的注意力。虽然有很多程序员不喜欢Go语言,但每种语言都有直接的缺点和优点,这是很正常的事情。最重要的是取之长、补己短。最近github宣布使用Go1.4重新开发了hub命令,就是要利用Go语言的长处。

Github是世界上最大的代码托管服务,它是在于最近几年迅速超过了SoruceForge,很大程度上得益于Linux创始人Linus的影响力,和Git中去中心化的思想。相信很多人都使用过git和github,但估计很少人知道这个等式:git + hub = github,hub是一个用来封装git的工具,为其扩展更多的功能和特性,是GitHub运行起来更加快捷方便。

$ hub clone rtomayko/tilt    # expands to:  $ git clone git://github.com/rtomayko/tilt.git

hub命令的最佳使用方法是当作git的别名,这样,当你输入$ git <command>时,你不仅能获得git的所有功能,而且能增添很多附加特性。设置别名的方法是在你的.bash_profile文件放置下一行代码:

eval "$(hub alias -s)"

从2.2.0版本开始,hub开始改用Go语言开发,主要原因是Go语言的高效。要想从源代码安装hub2.x版本,你需要有一个Go语言开发环境,版本要在1.4以上:

$ git clone https://github.com/github/hub.git  $ cd hub  $ ./script/build  $ cp hub YOUR_BIN_PATH

hub2.x版本将对1.x版本保持最大的兼容。下面我里看一下hub命令提供了哪些额外的强大功能。

(下面这些代码中假设你已经做了git别名设置)

git clone

$ git clone schacon/ticgit  > git clone git://github.com/schacon/ticgit.git    $ git clone -p schacon/ticgit  > git clone git@github.com:schacon/ticgit.git    $ git clone resque  > git clone git@github.com/YOUR_USER/resque.git

git remote add

$ git remote add rtomayko  > git remote add rtomayko git://github.com/rtomayko/CURRENT_REPO.git    $ git remote add -p rtomayko  > git remote add rtomayko git@github.com:rtomayko/CURRENT_REPO.git    $ git remote add origin  > git remote add origin git://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO.git

git fetch

$ git fetch mislav  > git remote add mislav git://github.com/mislav/REPO.git  > git fetch mislav    $ git fetch mislav,xoebus  > git remote add mislav ...  > git remote add xoebus ...  > git fetch --multiple mislav xoebus

git cherry-pick

$ git cherry-pick http://github.com/mislav/REPO/commit/SHA  > git remote add -f mislav git://github.com/mislav/REPO.git  > git cherry-pick SHA    $ git cherry-pick mislav@SHA  > git remote add -f mislav git://github.com/mislav/CURRENT_REPO.git  > git cherry-pick SHA    $ git cherry-pick mislav@SHA  > git fetch mislav  > git cherry-pick SHA

git am, git apply

$ git am https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/55  [ downloads patch via API ]  > git am /tmp/55.patch    $ git am --ignore-whitespace https://github.com/davidbalbert/hub/commit/fdb9921  [ downloads patch via API ]  > git am --ignore-whitespace /tmp/fdb9921.patch    $ git apply https://gist.github.com/8da7fb575debd88c54cf  [ downloads patch via API ]  > git apply /tmp/gist-8da7fb575debd88c54cf.txt

git fork

$ git fork  [ repo forked on GitHub ]  > git remote add -f YOUR_USER git@github.com:YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO.git

git pull-request

# while on a topic branch called "feature":  $ git pull-request  [ opens text editor to edit title & body for the request ]  [ opened pull request on GitHub for "YOUR_USER:feature" ]    # explicit title, pull base & head:  $ git pull-request -m "Implemented feature X" -b defunkt:master -h mislav:feature

git checkout

$ git checkout https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/73  > git remote add -f -t feature mislav git://github.com/mislav/hub.git  > git checkout --track -B mislav-feature mislav/feature    $ git checkout https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/73 custom-branch-name

git merge

$ git merge https://github.com/defunkt/hub/pull/73  > git fetch git://github.com/mislav/hub.git +refs/heads/feature:refs/remotes/mislav/feature  > git merge mislav/feature --no-ff -m 'Merge pull request #73 from mislav/feature...'

git create

$ git create  [ repo created on GitHub ]  > git remote add origin git@github.com:YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO.git    # with description:  $ git create -d 'It shall be mine, all mine!'    $ git create recipes  [ repo created on GitHub ]  > git remote add origin git@github.com:YOUR_USER/recipes.git    $ git create sinatra/recipes  [ repo created in GitHub organization ]  > git remote add origin git@github.com:sinatra/recipes.git

git init

$ git init -g  > git init  > git remote add origin git@github.com:YOUR_USER/REPO.git

git push

$ git push origin,staging,qa bert_timeout  > git push origin bert_timeout  > git push staging bert_timeout  > git push qa bert_timeout

git browse

$ git browse  > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO    $ git browse -- commit/SHA  > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO/commit/SHA    $ git browse -- issues  > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO/issues    $ git browse -- issues/10  > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/CURRENT_REPO/issues/10    $ git browse schacon/ticgit  > open https://github.com/schacon/ticgit    $ git browse schacon/ticgit commit/SHA  > open https://github.com/schacon/ticgit/commit/SHA    $ git browse resque  > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/resque    $ git browse resque network  > open https://github.com/YOUR_USER/resque/network

git compare

$ git compare refactor  > open https://github.com/CURRENT_REPO/compare/refactor    $ git compare 1.0..1.1  > open https://github.com/CURRENT_REPO/compare/1.0...1.1    $ git compare -u fix  > (https://github.com/CURRENT_REPO/compare/fix)    $ git compare other-user patch  > open https://github.com/other-user/REPO/compare/patch

git submodule

$ git submodule add wycats/bundler vendor/bundler  > git submodule add git://github.com/wycats/bundler.git vendor/bundler    $ git submodule add -p wycats/bundler vendor/bundler  > git submodule add git@github.com:wycats/bundler.git vendor/bundler    $ git submodule add -b ryppl --name pip ryppl/pip vendor/pip  > git submodule add -b ryppl --name pip git://github.com/ryppl/pip.git vendor/pip

git ci-status

$ git ci-status [commit]  > (prints CI state of commit and exits with appropriate code)  > One of: success (0), error (1), failure (1), pending (2), no status (3)

git help

$ git help  > (improved git help)  $ git help hub  > (hub man page)

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