项目构建工具 Apache Maven 3.0.4 发布

     <p><img title="Maven logo" alt="项目构建工具 Apache Maven 3.0.4 发布" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/df3476a861481e0333ebd0415cb5b54a.gif" width="90" height="28" /><br /> 目前，绝大多数开发人员都把 Ant 当作 Java 编程项目的标准构建工具。遗憾的是，Ant 的项目管理工具（作为 <code>make</code> 的替代工具）不能满足绝大多数开发人员的需要。通过检查 Ant 构建文件，很难发现项目的相关性信息和其它元信息（如开发人员／拥有者、版本或站点主页）。</p>    <p>Maven 除了以程序构建能力为特色之外，还提供 Ant 所缺少的高级项目管理工具。由于 Maven 的缺省构建规则有较高的可重用性，所以常常用两三行 Maven 构建脚本就可以构建简单的项目，而使用 Ant 则需要十几行。事实上，由于 Maven 的面向项目的方法，许多 Apache Jakarta 项目现在使用 Maven，而且公司项目采用 Maven 的比例在持续增长。</p>    <p>Maven vs Ant</p>    <p>那么，Maven 和 Ant 有什么不同呢？在回答这个问题以前，我要强调一点：Maven 和 Ant 针对构建问题的两个不同方面。Ant 为 Java 技术开发项目提供跨平台构建任务。Maven 本身描述项目的高级方面，它从 Ant 借用了绝大多数构建任务。因此，由于 Maven 和 Ant 代表两个差异很大的工具，所以我将只说明这两个工具的等同组件之间的区别，如表 1 所示。</p>    <p>表 1. Maven vs Ant</p>    <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">     <tbody>      <tr>       <td> </td>       <td><strong>Maven</strong></td>       <td><strong>Ant</strong></td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>标准构建文件</td>       <td>project.xml 和 maven.xml</td>       <td>build.xml</td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>特性处理顺序</td>       <td>        <ol>         <li>${maven.home}/bin/driver.properties </li>         <li>${project.home}/project.properties </li>         <li>${project.home}/build.properties </li>         <li>${user.home}/build.properties </li>         <li>通过 -D 命令行选项定义的系统特性 </li>        </ol> <strong>最后一个</strong>定义起决定作用。</td>       <td>        <ol>         <li>通过 -D 命令行选项定义的系统特性 </li>         <li>由 任务装入的特性 </li>        </ol> <strong>第一个</strong>定义最先被处理。</td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>构建规则</td>       <td>构建规则更为动态（类似于编程语言）；它们是基于 Jelly 的可执行 XML。</td>       <td>构建规则或多或少是静态的，除非使用 <code>         <!-- </code> 任务。（请参阅               <a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-maven/#resources" _mce_href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-maven/#resources" mce_href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-maven/#resources">参考资料</a>以获得相关教程。）</td>  </tr>  <tr>  <td>扩展语言</td>  <td>插件是用 Jelly（XML）编写的。</td>  <td>插件是用 Java 语言编写的。</td>  </tr>  <tr>  <td>构建规则可扩展性</td>  <td>通过定义                <code> <pregoal></code> 和                <code> <postgoal></code> 使构建 goal 可扩展。</td>  <td>构建规则不易扩展；可通过使用                <code> <script></code> 任务模拟                <code> <pregoal></code> 和                <code> <postgoal></code> 所起的作用。</td>  </tr>  </tbody>  </table>  // --></code></td>      </tr>     </tbody>    </table>    <p>相关开发环境下的Maven插件：<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958326407874360287" target="_blank">http://mevenide.codehaus.org/</a></p>    <div>     <p>项目地址：<a href="/misc/goto?guid=4958326408677261325">http://maven.apache.org/</a><br /> ** Bug<br />     * [MNG-4792] - Preemptive authentication doesn't work<br />     * [MNG-5064] - mvn -nsu (--no-snapshot-updates) should not download snapshots (and break local builds)<br />     * [MNG-5096] -      <exclusion>       on       <dependency>        with        <type>         test-jar        </type> doesn't work in maven 3        <br />     * [MNG-5113] - NullPointerException on javadoc site generation        <br />     * [MNG-5131] - Wrong encoding for encrypted passwords        <br />     * [MNG-5135] - Regression: in some cases aggregator mojo is unable to resolve dependencies with custom packaging        <br />     * [MNG-5137] - Reactor resolution does not work for forked multi module builds        <br />     * [MNG-5149] - DefaultArtifactRepositoryFactory.createArtifactRepository overload w/layoutId passes wrong (repo) id        <br />     * [MNG-5153] - ModelMerger omits relativ path        <br />     * [MNG-5155] - 'inherited' flag of report sets ignored.        <br />     * [MNG-5157] - NPE stemming from DefaultModelBuilder.containsCoordinates        <br />     * [MNG-5163] - MavenProject.getPluginRepositories misimplemented        <br />     * [MNG-5164] - Odd        <name>         of central in superpom         <br />     * [MNG-5165] - Problem with scp transport (wagon-maven-plugin 1.0-beta-3, Maven 2.2.1, Ubuntu 11.04)         <br />     * [MNG-5192] - prevent ConcurrentModificationException in parallel mode -Tx when project have errors         <br />     * [MNG-5221] - Default version of m-site-p does not work (no reports)         <br />     * [MNG-5224] - REGRESSION: Injected Settings in a Mojo are missing the profiles from settings.xml         <br />     * [MNG-5225] - The default version of the maven-site-plugin as defined in the site-lifecycle must be 3.x         <br />         <br /> ** Improvement         <br />     * [MNG-4112] - Set property containing the currently executing maven version.         <br />     * [MNG-5073] - ProjectBuilder.build(File,ProjectBuildingRequest) returns null project if dependency version info is missing         <br />     * [MNG-5076] - Improve SEO of documentation of lifecycle.xml         <br />     * [MNG-5119] - improve site organization of core components         <br />     * [MNG-5134] - Standard documentation for build-in properties         <br />     * [MNG-5141] - Make MojoExecutor.ensureDependenciesAreResolved public         <br />     * [MNG-5151] - use CNAME or repo to provide more stability         <br />     * [MNG-5152] - upgrade wagon to the final 1.0 version         <br />     * [MNG-5158] - Make loading of extensions from lib/ext more robust with regard to existence of ext directory         <br />     * [MNG-5159] - Extend validation of settings.xml to check for uniqueness of id elements         <br />     * [MNG-5175] - replace wagon http lightweight with wagon http 2.1         <br />     * [MNG-5200] - upgrade plugin versions in super pom         <br />     * [MNG-5201] - upgrade aether to 1.13.1 and sisu to 2.3.0         <br />         <br /> ** Task         <br />     * [MNG-5046] - Remove $Id$ from sources         <br />         <br /> ** Test         <br />     * [MNG-5114] - Handling unrecognized version qualifiers         <br />         <br /> ** Wish         <br />     * [MNG-5118] - add aggregated javadoc        </name>       </dependency>      </exclusion></p>    </div>