基于 JVM 的编程语言，Kotlin 1.0 Beta 3 发布

jopen 10年前

Kotlin 是一个基于 JVM 的新的编程语言，由 JetBrains 开发。

其主要设计目标：

创建一种兼容Java的语言
让它比Java更安全，能够静态检测常见的陷阱。如：引用空指针
让它比Java更简洁，通过支持variable type inference，higher-order functions (closures)，extension functions，mixins and first-class delegation等实现。
让它比最成熟的竞争对手Scala语言更加简单。

Kotlin 1.0 Beta 3 发布，此版本主要是要完成标准库开发，还有移除一些废弃的语言结构。同时还有一些 bug 修复，性能提升。此版本包括库，语言，IDE 和 Android 扩展方面的改进和修复。详细改进内容请看发行说明。

改进列表：

increment deprecated in Progressions in favor of step property to Progressions, for-loops updated to refer to step
contains() and other similar extensions now accept supertypes of the element of the collection
Delegates.mapVal and mapVar, MapVal, MapVar, FixedMapVal, FixedMapVar are deprecated
String.toCharArray() introduced instead of String.getChars(); String.toCharList() deprecated
MutableCollection.removeAll(predicate: (T) -> Boolean) and similar for retainAll added
sequence(initialValueFunction, nextValueFunction) doesn't evaluate first value until it's requested by sequence iterator
sequenceOf(Progression) deprecated
flatten operation for Sequence<Iterable<...>> added

No references to PropertyMetadata are generated in the byte code
Suffixes to numeric literals, such as 1baz are prohibited
Comma-separated conditions in when without an argument are prohibited (KT-5143)
Annotation classes can't be instantiated (KT-4391)
Arrays of annotations supported as annotation arguments (KT-10136)
Generic types in catch clauses (including reified T) are prohibited (KT-9816)
protected members are allowed in companion objects
Calls to non-@JvmStatic protected members of companion objects from subclasses are marked as errors (unsupported)
"…" is reserved as a token (KT-9708)
Enum entry can not be used as a type (KT-5401)
Enum.values is deprecated in favor of Enum.values()
private setters are now deprecated for open properties
Local sealed classes are deprecated
Use of uninitialized variables in lambdas / object literals / local functions is forbidden
Overriding setter cannot weaken visibility
Inner classes are no longer allowed inside enum entries
Implicit receiver smart casts are supported
Older deprecations have become errors

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