React-Redux分析

zhjj511 7年前
   <p>Redux,作为大型React应用状态管理最常用的工具,其概念理论和实践都是很值得我们学习,分析然后在实践中深入了解的,对前端开发者能力成长很有帮助。本篇计划结合Redux容器组件和展示型组件的区别对比以及Redux与React应用最常见的连接库,react-redux源码分析,以期达到对Redux和React应用的更深层次理解。</p>    <p>索引</p>    <ul>     <li>      <ul>       <li>        <ul>         <li>3.1.1 container/TodoList.js</li>         <li>3.1.2 components/TodoList.js</li>         <li>3.1.3 components/Todo.js</li>        </ul> </li>      </ul> </li>     <li>4 容器组件与展示型组件</li>     <li>6 connectAdvanced高阶函数      <ul>       <li>        <ul>         <li>6.1.1 pureFinalPropsSelectorFactory</li>         <li>6.1.2 handleFirstCall</li>         <li>6.1.3 defaultMergeProps</li>         <li>6.1.4 handleSubsequentCalls</li>         <li>6.1.5 计算返回新props</li>         <li>6.1.6 计算返回stateProps</li>        </ul> </li>      </ul> </li>     <li>7 hoist-non-react-statics</li>    </ul>    <h2>前言</h2>    <p>react-redux库提供 Provider 组件通过context方式向应用注入store,然后可以使用 connect 高阶方法,获取并监听store,然后根据store state和组件自身props计算得到新props,注入该组件,并且可以通过监听store,比较计算出的新props判断是否需要更新组件。</p>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/8b4ea6b5526a6eaf0f03969b534e9717.png"></p>    <h2>Provider</h2>    <p>首先,react-redux库提供 Provider 组件将store注入整个React应用的某个入口组件,通常是应用的顶层组件。 Provider 组件使用context向下传递store:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">// 内部组件获取redux store的键  const storeKey = 'store'  // 内部组件  const subscriptionKey = subKey || `${storeKey}Subscription`  class Provider extends Component {    // 声明context,注入store和可选的发布订阅对象    getChildContext() {      return { [storeKey]: this[storeKey], [subscriptionKey]: null }    }      constructor(props, context) {      super(props, context)      // 缓存store      this[storeKey] = props.store;    }      render() {      // 渲染输出内容      return Children.only(this.props.children)    }  }</code></pre>    <h3>Example</h3>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">import { Provider } from 'react-redux'  import { createStore } from 'redux'  import App from './components/App'  import reducers from './reducers'    // 创建store  const store = createStore(todoApp, reducers)    // 传递store作为props给Provider组件;  // Provider将使用context方式向下传递store  // App组件是我们的应用顶层组件  render(    <Provider store={store}>      <App/>    </Provider>, document.getElementById('app-node')  )</code></pre>    <h2>connect方法</h2>    <p>在前面我们使用 Provider 组件将redux store注入应用,接下来需要做的是连接组件和store。而且我们知道Redux不提供直接操作store state的方式,我们只能通过其 getState 访问数据,或通过 dispatch 一个action来改变store state。</p>    <p>这也正是react-redux提供的connect高阶方法所提供的能力。</p>    <h3>Example</h3>    <p>container/TodoList.js</p>    <p>首先我们创建一个列表容器组件,在组件内负责获取todo列表,然后将todos传递给TodoList展示型组件,同时传递事件回调函数,展示型组件触发诸如点击等事件时,调用对应回调,这些回调函数内通过dispatch actions来更新redux store state,而最终将store和展示型组件连接起来使用的是react-redux的 connect 方法,该方法接收</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">import {connect} from 'react-redux'  import TodoList from 'components/TodoList.jsx'    class TodoListContainer extends React.Component {    constructor(props) {      super(props)      this.state = {todos: null, filter: null}    }    handleUpdateClick (todo) {      this.props.update(todo);      }    componentDidMount() {      const { todos, filter, actions } = this.props      if (todos.length === 0) {        this.props.fetchTodoList(filter);      }    render () {      const { todos, filter } = this.props        return (        <TodoList           todos={todos}          filter={filter}          handleUpdateClick={this.handleUpdateClick}          /* others */        />      )    }  }    const mapStateToProps = state => {    return {      todos : state.todos,      filter: state.filter    }  }    const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => {    return {      update : (todo) => dispatch({        type : 'UPDATE_TODO',        payload: todo      }),      fetchTodoList: (filters) => dispatch({        type : 'FETCH_TODOS',        payload: filters      })    }  }    export default connect(    mapStateToProps,    mapDispatchToProps  )(TodoListContainer)</code></pre>    <p>components/TodoList.js</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">import React from 'react'  import PropTypes from 'prop-types'  import Todo from './Todo'    const TodoList = ({ todos, handleUpdateClick }) => (    <ul>      {todos.map(todo => (        <Todo key={todo.id} {...todo} handleUpdateClick={handleUpdateClick} />      ))}    </ul>  )    TodoList.propTypes = {    todos: PropTypes.array.isRequired    ).isRequired,    handleUpdateClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired  }    export default TodoList</code></pre>    <p>components/Todo.js</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">import React from 'react'  import PropTypes from 'prop-types'    class Todo extends React.Component {     constructor(...args) {      super(..args);      this.state = {        editable: false,        todo: this.props.todo      }    }    handleClick (e) {      this.setState({        editable: !this.state.editable      })    }    update () {      this.props.handleUpdateClick({        ...this.state.todo        text: this.refs.content.innerText      })    }    render () {      return (        <li          onClick={this.handleClick}          style={{            contentEditable: editable ? 'true' : 'false'          }}        >          <p ref="content">{text}</p>          <button onClick={this.update}>Save</button>        </li>      )    }    Todo.propTypes = {    handleUpdateClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired,    text: PropTypes.string.isRequired  }    export default Todo</code></pre>    <h2>容器组件与展示型组件</h2>    <p>在使用Redux作为React应用的状态管理容器时,通常贯彻将组件划分为容器组件(Container Components)和展示型组件(Presentational Components)的做法,</p>    <table>     <thead>      <tr>       <th> </th>       <th>Presentational Components</th>       <th>Container Components</th>      </tr>     </thead>     <tbody>      <tr>       <td>目标</td>       <td>UI展示 (HTML结构和样式)</td>       <td>业务逻辑(获取数据,更新状态)</td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>感知Redux</td>       <td>无</td>       <td>有</td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>数据来源</td>       <td>props</td>       <td>订阅Redux store</td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>变更数据</td>       <td>调用props传递的回调函数</td>       <td>Dispatch Redux actions</td>      </tr>      <tr>       <td>可重用</td>       <td>独立性强</td>       <td>业务耦合度高</td>      </tr>     </tbody>    </table>    <p>应用中大部分代码是在编写展示型组件,然后使用一些容器组件将这些展示型组件和Redux store连接起来。</p>    <h2>connect()源码分析</h2>    <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/175390e755759b699ced16065f3e77e7.png"></p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">connectHOC = connectAdvanced;  mergePropsFactories = defaultMergePropsFactories;  selectorFactory = defaultSelectorFactory;  function connect (    mapStateToProps,    mapDispatchToProps,    mergeProps,    {    pure = true,    areStatesEqual = strictEqual, // 严格比较是否相等    areOwnPropsEqual = shallowEqual, // 浅比较    areStatePropsEqual = shallowEqual,    areMergedPropsEqual = shallowEqual,    renderCountProp, // 传递给内部组件的props键,表示render方法调用次数    // props/context 获取store的键    storeKey = 'store',    ...extraOptions    } = {}  ) {    const initMapStateToProps = match(mapStateToProps, mapStateToPropsFactories, 'mapStateToProps')    const initMapDispatchToProps = match(mapDispatchToProps, mapDispatchToPropsFactories, 'mapDispatchToProps')    const initMergeProps = match(mergeProps, mergePropsFactories, 'mergeProps')      // 调用connectHOC方法    connectHOC(selectorFactory, {      // 如果mapStateToProps为false,则不监听store state      shouldHandleStateChanges: Boolean(mapStateToProps),      // 传递给selectorFactory      initMapStateToProps,      initMapDispatchToProps,      initMergeProps,      pure,      areStatesEqual,      areOwnPropsEqual,      areStatePropsEqual,      areMergedPropsEqual,      renderCountProp, // 传递给内部组件的props键,表示render方法调用次数      // props/context 获取store的键      storeKey = 'store',      ...extraOptions // 其他配置项    });  }</code></pre>    <h3>strictEquall</h3>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function strictEqual(a, b) { return a === b }</code></pre>    <h3>shallowEquall</h3>    <p>源码</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">const hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty    function is(x, y) {    if (x === y) {      return x !== 0 || y !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y    } else {      return x !== x && y !== y    }  }    export default function shallowEqual(objA, objB) {    if (is(objA, objB)) return true      if (typeof objA !== 'object' || objA === null ||        typeof objB !== 'object' || objB === null) {      return false    }      const keysA = Object.keys(objA)    const keysB = Object.keys(objB)      if (keysA.length !== keysB.length) return false      for (let i = 0; i < keysA.length; i++) {      if (!hasOwn.call(objB, keysA[i]) ||          !is(objA[keysA[i]], objB[keysA[i]])) {        return false      }    }      return true  }</code></pre>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">shallowEqual({x:{}},{x:{}}) // false  shallowEqual({x:1},{x:1}) // true</code></pre>    <h2>connectAdvanced高阶函数</h2>    <p>源码</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function connectAdvanced (    selectorFactory,    {      renderCountProp = undefined, // 传递给内部组件的props键,表示render方法调用次数      // props/context 获取store的键      storeKey = 'store',      ...connectOptions    } = {}  ) {    // 获取发布订阅器的键    const subscriptionKey = storeKey + 'Subscription';    const contextTypes = {      [storeKey]: storeShape,      [subscriptionKey]: subscriptionShape,    };    const childContextTypes = {      [subscriptionKey]: subscriptionShape,    };      return function wrapWithConnect (WrappedComponent) {      const selectorFactoryOptions = {        // 如果mapStateToProps为false,则不监听store state        shouldHandleStateChanges: Boolean(mapStateToProps),        // 传递给selectorFactory        initMapStateToProps,        initMapDispatchToProps,        initMergeProps,        ...connectOptions,        ...others        renderCountProp, // render调用次数        shouldHandleStateChanges, // 是否监听store state变更        storeKey,        WrappedComponent      }        // 返回拓展过props属性的Connect组件      return hoistStatics(Connect, WrappedComponent)    }  }</code></pre>    <h3>selectorFactory</h3>    <p>selectorFactory 函数返回一个selector函数,根据store state, 展示型组件props,和dispatch计算得到新props,最后注入容器组件, selectorFactory 函数结构形如:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">(dispatch, options) => (state, props) => ({    thing: state.things[props.thingId],    saveThing: fields => dispatch(actionCreators.saveThing(props.thingId, fields)),  })</code></pre>    <p>注:redux中的state通常指redux store的state而不是组件的state,另此处的props为传入组件wrapperComponent的props。</p>    <p>源码</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function defaultSelectorFactory (dispatch, {    initMapStateToProps,    initMapDispatchToProps,    initMergeProps,    ...options  }) {    const mapStateToProps = initMapStateToProps(dispatch, options)    const mapDispatchToProps = initMapDispatchToProps(dispatch, options)    const mergeProps = initMergeProps(dispatch, options)      // pure为true表示selectorFactory返回的selector将缓存结果;    // 否则其总是返回一个新对象    const selectorFactory = options.pure      ? pureFinalPropsSelectorFactory      : impureFinalPropsSelectorFactory      // 最终执行selector工厂函数返回一个selector    return selectorFactory(      mapStateToProps,      mapDispatchToProps,      mergeProps,      dispatch,      options    );  }</code></pre>    <p>pureFinalPropsSelectorFactory</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function pureFinalPropsSelectorFactory (    mapStateToProps,    mapDispatchToProps,    mergeProps,    dispatch,    { areStatesEqual, areOwnPropsEqual, areStatePropsEqual }  ) {    let hasRunAtLeastOnce = false    let state    let ownProps    let stateProps    let dispatchProps    let mergedProps      // 返回合并后的props或state    // handleSubsequentCalls变更后合并;handleFirstCall初次调用    return function pureFinalPropsSelector(nextState, nextOwnProps) {      return hasRunAtLeastOnce        ? handleSubsequentCalls(nextState, nextOwnProps)      : handleFirstCall(nextState, nextOwnProps)    }    }</code></pre>    <p>handleFirstCall</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function handleFirstCall(firstState, firstOwnProps) {    state = firstState    ownProps = firstOwnProps    stateProps = mapStateToProps(state, ownProps) // store state映射到组件的props    dispatchProps = mapDispatchToProps(dispatch, ownProps)    mergedProps = mergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps) // 合并后的props    hasRunAtLeastOnce = true    return mergedProps  }</code></pre>    <p>defaultMergeProps</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">export function defaultMergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps) {    // 默认合并props函数    return { ...ownProps, ...stateProps, ...dispatchProps }  }</code></pre>    <p>handleSubsequentCalls</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function handleSubsequentCalls(nextState, nextOwnProps) {    // shallowEqual浅比较    const propsChanged = !areOwnPropsEqual(nextOwnProps, ownProps)    // 深比较    const stateChanged = !areStatesEqual(nextState, state)    state = nextState    ownProps = nextOwnProps      // 处理props或state变更后的合并    // store state及组件props变更    if (propsChanged && stateChanged) return handleNewPropsAndNewState()    if (propsChanged) return handleNewProps()    if (stateChanged) return handleNewState()      return mergedProps  }</code></pre>    <p>计算返回新props</p>    <p>只要展示型组件自身props发生变更,则需要重新返回新合并props,然后更新容器组件,无论store state是否变更:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">// 只有展示型组件props变更  function handleNewProps() {    // mapStateToProps计算是否依赖于展示型组件props    if (mapStateToProps.dependsOnOwnProps)      stateProps = mapStateToProps(state, ownProps)    // mapDispatchToProps计算是否依赖于展示型组件props    if (mapDispatchToProps.dependsOnOwnProps)      dispatchProps = mapDispatchToProps(dispatch, ownProps)      mergedProps = mergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps)      return mergedProps  }  // 展示型组件props和store state均变更  function handleNewPropsAndNewState() {    stateProps = mapStateToProps(state, ownProps)    // mapDispatchToProps计算是否依赖于展示型组件props    if (mapDispatchToProps.dependsOnOwnProps)      dispatchProps = mapDispatchToProps(dispatch, ownProps)      mergedProps = mergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps)      return mergedProps  }</code></pre>    <p>计算返回stateProps</p>    <p>通常容器组件props变更由store state变更推动,所以只有store state变更的情况较多,而且此处也正是使用Immutable时需要注意的地方: <em> 不要在 mapStateToProps 方法内使用 toJS() 方法。 </em></p>    <p>当 mapStateToProps 两次返回的props对象未有变更时,不需要重新计算,直接返回之前合并得到的props对象即可,之后在selector追踪对象中比较两次selector函数返回值是否有变更时,将返回false,容器组件不会触发变更。</p>    <p>因为对比多次mapStateToProps返回的结果时是使用浅比较,所以不推荐使用Immutable.toJS()方法,其每次均返回一个新对象,对比将返回false,而如果使用Immutable且其内容未变更,则会返回true,可以减少不必要的重新渲染。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">// 只有store state变更  function handleNewState() {    const nextStateProps = mapStateToProps(state, ownProps)    // 浅比较    const statePropsChanged = !areStatePropsEqual(nextStateProps, stateProps)    stateProps = nextStateProps      // 计算得到的新props变更了,才需要重新计算返回新的合并props    if (statePropsChanged) {      mergedProps = mergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps)    }      // 若新stateProps未发生变更,则直接返回上一次计算得出的合并props;    // 之后selector追踪对象比较两次返回值是否有变更时将返回false;    // 否则返回使用mergeProps()方法新合并得到的props对象,变更比较将返回true    return mergedProps  }</code></pre>    <h2>hoist-non-react-statics</h2>    <p>类似Object.assign,将子组件的非React的静态属性或方法复制到父组件,React相关属性或方法不会被覆盖而是合并。</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">hoistStatics(Connect, WrappedComponent)</code></pre>    <h2>Connect Component</h2>    <p>真正的Connect高阶组件,连接redux store state和传入组件,即将store state映射到组件props,react-redux使用Provider组件通过context方式注入store,然后Connect组件通过context接收store,并添加对store的订阅:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">class Connect extends Component {    constructor(props, context) {      super(props, context)        this.state = {}      this.renderCount = 0 // render调用次数初始为0      // 获取store,props或context方式      this.store = props[storeKey] || context[storeKey]      // 是否使用props方式传递store      this.propsMode = Boolean(props[storeKey])        // 初始化selector      this.initSelector()      // 初始化store订阅      this.initSubscription()    }      componentDidMount() {      // 不需要监听state变更      if (!shouldHandleStateChanges) return      // 发布订阅器执行订阅      this.subscription.trySubscribe()      // 执行selector      this.selector.run(this.props)      // 若还需要更新,则强制更新      if (this.selector.shouldComponentUpdate) this.forceUpdate()    }      // 渲染组件元素    render() {      const selector = this.selector      selector.shouldComponentUpdate = false; // 重置是否需要更新为默认的false        // 将redux store state转化映射得到的props合并入传入的组件      return createElement(WrappedComponent, this.addExtraProps(selector.props))    }  }</code></pre>    <h3>addExtraProps()</h3>    <p>给props添加额外的props属性:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">// 添加额外的props  addExtraProps(props) {    const withExtras = { ...props }    if (renderCountProp) withExtras[renderCountProp] = this.renderCount++;// render 调用次数    if (this.propsMode && this.subscription) withExtras[subscriptionKey] = this.subscription      return withExtras  }</code></pre>    <h3>初始化selector追踪对象initSelector</h3>    <p>Selector,选择器,根据redux store state和组件的自身props,计算出将注入该组件的新props,并缓存新props,之后再次执行选择器时通过对比得出的props,决定是否需要更新组件,若props变更则更新组件,否则不更新。</p>    <p>使用 initSelector 方法初始化selector追踪对象及相关状态和数据:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">// 初始化selector  initSelector() {    // 使用selector工厂函数创建一个selector    const sourceSelector = selectorFactory(this.store.dispatch, selectorFactoryOptions)    // 连接组件的selector和redux store state    this.selector = makeSelectorStateful(sourceSelector, this.store)    // 执行组件的selector函数    this.selector.run(this.props)  }</code></pre>    <p>makeSelectorStateful()</p>    <p>创建selector追踪对象以追踪(tracking)selector函数返回结果:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">function makeSelectorStateful(sourceSelector, store) {    // 返回selector追踪对象,追踪传入的selector(sourceSelector)返回的结果    const selector = {      // 执行组件的selector函数      run: function runComponentSelector(props) {        // 根据store state和组件props执行传入的selector函数,计算得到nextProps        const nextProps = sourceSelector(store.getState(), props)        // 比较nextProps和缓存的props;        // false,则更新所缓存的props并标记selector需要更新        if (nextProps !== selector.props || selector.error) {          selector.shouldComponentUpdate = true // 标记需要更新          selector.props = nextProps // 缓存props          selector.error = null        }        }    }      // 返回selector追踪对象    return selector  }</code></pre>    <h3>初始化订阅initSubscription</h3>    <p>初始化监听/订阅redux store state:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">// 初始化订阅  initSubscription() {    if (!shouldHandleStateChanges) return; // 不需要监听store state      // 判断订阅内容传递方式:props或context,两者不能混杂    const parentSub = (this.propsMode ? this.props : this.context)[subscriptionKey]    // 订阅对象实例化,并传入事件回调函数    this.subscription = new Subscription(this.store,                                          parentSub,                                         this.onStateChange.bind(this))    // 缓存订阅器发布方法执行的作用域    this.notifyNestedSubs = this.subscription.notifyNestedSubs      .bind(this.subscription)  }</code></pre>    <p>订阅类实现</p>    <p>组件订阅store使用的订阅发布器实现:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">export default class Subscription {    constructor(store, parentSub, onStateChange) {      // redux store      this.store = store      // 订阅内容      this.parentSub = parentSub      // 订阅内容变更后的回调函数      this.onStateChange = onStateChange      this.unsubscribe = null      // 订阅记录数组      this.listeners = nullListeners    }      // 订阅    trySubscribe() {      if (!this.unsubscribe) {        // 若传递了发布订阅器则使用该订阅器订阅方法进行订阅        // 否则使用store的订阅方法        this.unsubscribe = this.parentSub          ? this.parentSub.addNestedSub(this.onStateChange)          : this.store.subscribe(this.onStateChange)          // 创建订阅集合对象        // { notify: function, subscribe: function }        // 内部包装了一个发布订阅器;        // 分别对应发布(执行所有回调),订阅(在订阅集合中添加回调)        this.listeners = createListenerCollection()      }    }      // 发布    notifyNestedSubs() {      this.listeners.notify()    }  }</code></pre>    <h3>订阅回调函数</h3>    <p>订阅后执行的回调函数:</p>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">onStateChange() {    // 选择器执行    this.selector.run(this.props)      if (!this.selector.shouldComponentUpdate) {      // 不需要更新则直接发布      this.notifyNestedSubs()    } else {      // 需要更新则设置组件componentDidUpdate生命周期方法      this.componentDidUpdate = this.notifyNestedSubsOnComponentDidUpdate      // 同时调用setState触发组件更新      this.setState(dummyState) // dummyState = {}    }  }    // 在组件componentDidUpdate生命周期方法内发布变更  notifyNestedSubsOnComponentDidUpdate() {    // 清除组件componentDidUpdate生命周期方法    this.componentDidUpdate = undefined    // 发布    this.notifyNestedSubs()  }</code></pre>    <h3>其他生命周期方法</h3>    <pre>  <code class="language-javascript">getChildContext () {    // 若存在props传递了store,则需要对其他从context接收store并订阅的后代组件隐藏其对于store的订阅;    // 否则将父级的订阅器映射传入,给予Connect组件控制发布变化的顺序流    const subscription = this.propsMode ? null : this.subscription    return { [subscriptionKey]: subscription || this.context[subscriptionKey] }  }  // 接收到新props  componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {    this.selector.run(nextProps)  }    // 是否需要更新组件  shouldComponentUpdate() {    return this.selector.shouldComponentUpdate  }    componentWillUnmount() {    // 重置selector  }</code></pre>    <h2>参考阅读</h2>    <ol>     <li><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959717446998433794" rel="nofollow,noindex">React with redux</a></li>     <li><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959645786337460505" rel="nofollow,noindex">Smart and Dumb Components</a></li>     <li><a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959754639730891703" rel="nofollow,noindex">React Redux Container Pattern</a></li>    </ol>    <p> </p>    <p>来自: <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959754639847878347" rel="nofollow,noindex">React-Redux分析</a></p>    <p> </p>