Android权限管理原理
liuchuan
7年前
<h2>前言</h2> <p>Android系统在MarshMallow之前，权限都是在安装的时候授予的，虽然在4.3时，Google就试图在源码里面引入AppOpsManager来达到动态控制权限的目的，但由于不太成熟，在Release版本中都是把这个功能给隐藏掉的。在6.0之后，Google为了简化安装流程且方便用户控制权限，正式引入了runtime-permission，允许用户在运行的时候动态控制权限。对于开发而言就是将targetSdkVersion设置为23，并且在相应的时机动态申请权限，在适配了Android6.0的App运行在Android 6.0+的手机上时，就会调用6.0相关的API，不过在低版本的手机上，仍然是按安装时权限处理。</p> <h2>AppOpsManager动态权限管理：官方预演的权限管理</h2> <p>AppOpsManager是Google在Android4.3引入的动态权限管理方式，不过，Google觉得不成熟，所以在每个发行版的时候，总是会将这个功能给屏蔽掉。该功能跟国内的权限动态管理表现类似，这里用CyanogenMod12里面的实现讲述一下，（国内的ROM源码拿不到，不过从表现来看，实现应该类似）。AppOpsManager实现的动态管理的本质是：将鉴权放在每个服务内部，比如，如果App要申请定位权限，定位服务LocationManagerService会向AppOpsService查询是否授予了App定位权限，如果需要授权，就弹出一个系统对话框让用户操作，并根据用户的操作将结果持久化在文件中，如果在Setting里设置了响应的权限，也会去更新相应的权限操作持久化文件/data/system/appops.xml，下次再次申请服务的时候，服务会再次鉴定权限。</p> <h2>举个栗子-定位服务LocationManagerService: CM12源码</h2> <p>App在使用定位服务的时候，一般是通过LocationManager的requestLocationUpdates获取定位，其实是通过Binder请求LocationManagerService去定位。</p> <p>/android/location/LocationManager.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private void requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest request, LocationListener listener, Looper looper, PendingIntent intent) { ... try { mService.requestLocationUpdates(request, transport, intent, packageName); ...</code></pre> <p>/com/android/server/LocationManagerService.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public void requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest request, ILocationListener listener, PendingIntent intent, String packageName) { if (request == null) request = DEFAULT_LOCATION_REQUEST; checkPackageName(packageName); <!--关键函数 1 ，查询Manifest文件，是否进行了权限声明 --> int allowedResolutionLevel = getCallerAllowedResolutionLevel(); checkResolutionLevelIsSufficientForProviderUse(allowedResolutionLevel, request.getProvider()); 。。。 <!--获取调用app的pid跟uid--> final int pid = Binder.getCallingPid(); final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid(); // providers may use public location API's, need to clear identity long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); try { <!--关键函数 2 检查是否动态授权了权限，或者拒绝了权限--> checkLocationAccess(uid, packageName, allowedResolutionLevel); synchronized (mLock) { Receiver receiver = checkListenerOrIntentLocked(listener, intent, pid, uid, packageName, workSource, hideFromAppOps); if (receiver != null) { requestLocationUpdatesLocked(sanitizedRequest, receiver, pid, uid, packageName); } } } finally { Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity); } }</code></pre> <p>getCallerAllowedResolutionLevel主要通过调用getAllowedResolutionLevel查询APP是否在Manifest中进行了声明</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private int getCallerAllowedResolutionLevel() { return getAllowedResolutionLevel(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid()); } private int getAllowedResolutionLevel(int pid, int uid) { if (mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, pid, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { return RESOLUTION_LEVEL_FINE; } else if (mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, pid, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { return RESOLUTION_LEVEL_COARSE; } else { return RESOLUTION_LEVEL_NONE; } }</code></pre> <p>checkLocationAccess这里才是动态鉴权的入口，在checkLocationAccess函数中，会调用mAppOps.checkOp去鉴权，mAppOps就是AppOpsManager实例，</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">boolean checkLocationAccess(int uid, String packageName, int allowedResolutionLevel) { int op = resolutionLevelToOp(allowedResolutionLevel); if (op >= 0) { int mode = mAppOps.checkOp(op, uid, packageName); if (mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED && mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ASK ) { return false; } } return true; }</code></pre> <p>进而通过Binder向AppOpsService服务发送鉴权请求</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public int noteOp(int op, int uid, String packageName) { try { int mode = mService.noteOperation(op, uid, packageName); if (mode == MODE_ERRORED) { throw new SecurityException(buildSecurityExceptionMsg(op, uid, packageName)); } return mode; } catch (RemoteException e) { } return MODE_IGNORED; }</code></pre> <p>AppOpsService负责动态权限的鉴定跟更新，接着看noteOperation代码</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public int noteOperation(int code, int uid, String packageName) { final Result userDialogResult; verifyIncomingUid(uid); verifyIncomingOp(code); synchronized (this) { Ops ops = getOpsLocked(uid, packageName, true); ... <!--关键点 1--> if (switchOp.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED || switchOp.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED) { op.rejectTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); op.ignoredCount++; return switchOp.mode; <!--关键点 2--> } else if(switchOp.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) { op.time = System.currentTimeMillis(); op.rejectTime = 0; op.allowedCount++; return AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED; } else { op.noteOpCount++; <!--关键函数 3--> userDialogResult = askOperationLocked(code, uid, packageName, switchOp); } } return userDialogResult.get(); }</code></pre> <p>在上面的代码里面，1、2是对已经处理过的场景直接返回已授权，或者已经拒绝，而3就是我们常见授权入口对话框，这里是统一在AppOpsServie中进行授权处理的。askOperationLocked会显示一个系统对话框，用户选择授权或者拒绝后，AppOpsServie会将选择记录在案，并通知申请服务提供或者拒绝服务。askOperationLocked通过mHandler发送鉴权Message，看一下实现其实就是新建了一个PermissionDialog授权对话框，并且将AppOpsService的引用传了进去，授权后会通过mService.notifyOperation通知授权结果。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case SHOW_PERMISSION_DIALOG: { HashMap<String, Object> data = (HashMap<String, Object>) msg.obj; synchronized (this) { Op op = (Op) data.get("op"); Result res = (Result) data.get("result"); op.dialogResult.register(res); if(op.dialogResult.mDialog == null) { Integer code = (Integer) data.get("code"); Integer uid = (Integer) data.get("uid"); String packageName = (String) data.get("packageName"); Dialog d = new PermissionDialog(mContext, AppOpsService.this, code, uid, packageName); op.dialogResult.mDialog = (PermissionDialog)d; d.show(); } } }break; } } };</code></pre> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/37453a7f5789b714e27739f81830cf15.png"></p> <p>整体流程</p> <h2>Android发行版源码对于动态权限管理的支持（几乎为零）</h2> <p>在Android4.3到5.1之间，虽然App可以获得AppOpsManager的实例，但是真正动态操作权限的接口setMode却被隐藏，如下</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** @hide */ public void setMode(int code, int uid, String packageName, int mode) { try { mService.setMode(code, uid, packageName, mode); } catch (RemoteException e) { } }</code></pre> <p>遍历源码也只有NotificationManagerService这个系统应用使用了setMode，也就是说发行版，只有通知是通过系统的通知管理进行动态管理的。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void setNotificationsEnabledForPackage(String pkg, int uid, boolean enabled) { checkCallerIsSystem(); Slog.v(TAG, (enabled?"en":"dis") + "abling notifications for " + pkg); mAppOps.setMode(AppOpsManager.OP_POST_NOTIFICATION, uid, pkg, enabled ? AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED : AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED); // Now, cancel any outstanding notifications that are part of a just-disabled app if (ENABLE_BLOCKED_NOTIFICATIONS && !enabled) { cancelAllNotificationsInt(pkg, 0, 0, true, UserHandle.getUserId(uid)); } }</code></pre> <h2>Android 6.0权限管理原理</h2> <p>Android6.0的runtime-permission机制让用户在任何时候都可以取消授权，因此，每次在申请系统服务的时候，都要动态查询是否获取了相应的权限，如果没有获取，就需要动态去申请，首先先看一下权限的查询：</p> <h2>Android6.0权限查询</h2> <p>support-v4兼容包里面提供了一个工具类PermissionChecker，可以用来检查权限获取情况。</p> <p>PermissionChecker</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static int checkPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission, int pid, int uid, String packageName) { if (context.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) { return PERMISSION_DENIED; } String op = AppOpsManagerCompat.permissionToOp(permission); if (op == null) { return PERMISSION_GRANTED; } if (packageName == null) { String[] packageNames = context.getPackageManager().getPackagesForUid(uid); if (packageNames == null || packageNames.length <= 0) { return PERMISSION_DENIED; } packageName = packageNames[0]; } if (AppOpsManagerCompat.noteProxyOp(context, op, packageName) != AppOpsManagerCompat.MODE_ALLOWED) { return PERMISSION_DENIED_APP_OP; } return PERMISSION_GRANTED; }</code></pre> <p>这里我们只关心context.checkPermission，从上面对于4.3-5.1的APPOpsManager的分析，我们知道AppOpsManagerCompat本身的一些操作对于权限管理并没有实际意义，只是用来做一些标记，最多就是对于通知权限有些用，接下来看checkPermission：</p> <p>ContextImple.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** @hide */ @Override public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid, IBinder callerToken) { if (permission == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null"); } try { return ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().checkPermissionWithToken( permission, pid, uid, callerToken); } catch (RemoteException e) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; } }</code></pre> <p>接着往下看</p> <p>ActivityManagerNative.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeString(permission); data.writeInt(pid); data.writeInt(uid); mRemote.transact(CHECK_PERMISSION_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); int res = reply.readInt(); data.recycle(); reply.recycle(); return res; }</code></pre> <p>ActivityManagerService</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) { if (permission == null) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; } return checkComponentPermission(permission, pid, UserHandle.getAppId(uid), -1, true); }</code></pre> <p>进而调用ActivityManager.checkComponentPermission，调用AppGlobals.getPackageManager().checkUidPermission(permission, uid);</p> <p>ActivityManager.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">/** @hide */ public static int checkComponentPermission(String permission, int uid, int owningUid, boolean exported) { // Root, system server get to do everything. <!--root及System能获取所有权限--> if (uid == 0 || uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } 。。。 <!--普通的权限查询--> try { return AppGlobals.getPackageManager() .checkUidPermission(permission, uid); } catch (RemoteException e) { // Should never happen, but if it does... deny! Slog.e(TAG, "PackageManager is dead?!?", e); } return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; }</code></pre> <p>最终调用PackageManagerService.java去查看是否有权限，到这里，我们只需要知道权限的查询其实是通过PKMS来进行的。心里先有个底，权限的更新，持久化，恢复都是通过PKMS来进行的。</p> <h2>PKMS不同版本的权限查询</h2> <h3>Android5.0的checkUidPermission</h3> <pre> <code class="language-java">public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) { final boolean enforcedDefault = isPermissionEnforcedDefault(permName); synchronized (mPackages) { <!--PackageManagerService.Setting.mUserIds数组中，根据uid查找uid（也就是package）的权限列表--> Object obj = mSettings.getUserIdLPr(UserHandle.getAppId(uid)); if (obj != null) { GrantedPermissions gp = (GrantedPermissions)obj; if (gp.grantedPermissions.contains(permName)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } } else { <!--mSystemPermissions记录一些系统级的应用的 uid 对应的 permission-> HashSet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid); if (perms != null && perms.contains(permName)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } } if (!isPermissionEnforcedLocked(permName, enforcedDefault)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } } return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; }</code></pre> <h3>Android6.0+的checkUidPermission</h3> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) { final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid); if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; } synchronized (mPackages) { Object obj = mSettings.getUserIdLPr(UserHandle.getAppId(uid)); if (obj != null) { final SettingBase ps = (SettingBase) obj; final PermissionsState permissionsState = ps.getPermissionsState(); if (permissionsState.hasPermission(permName, userId)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } // Special case: ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission includes ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION if (Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION.equals(permName) && permissionsState .hasPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, userId)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } } else { ArraySet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid); if (perms != null) { if (perms.contains(permName)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } if (Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION.equals(permName) && perms .contains(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } } } } return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; }</code></pre> <p>可以看到Android6.0之后，对权限的操作是PermissionsState</p> <p>PermissionsState.java (android-6.0\frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\pm)</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public boolean hasPermission(String name, int userId) { enforceValidUserId(userId); if (mPermissions == null) { return false; } PermissionData permissionData = mPermissions.get(name); return permissionData != null && permissionData.isGranted(userId); }</code></pre> <p>从上面的代码可以很清晰看出，6.0之后，除了声明了权限之外，还必须是授权了的。运行时权限跟install权限有所不同，对于install权限isGranted一直返回是True，这里先不必深究PermissionsState是怎么存进内存，先记住，后面会将讲。</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/af0ee91a6f149b1effa5388e346d0c1c.png"></p> <p>权限恢复流程</p> <h2>Android6.0动态申请权限</h2> <p>申请权限可以通过V4包里面的ActivityCompat，它已经对不同版本做了兼容</p> <p>ActivityCompat.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public static void requestPermissions(final @NonNull Activity activity, final @NonNull String[] permissions, final int requestCode) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { ActivityCompatApi23.requestPermissions(activity, permissions, requestCode); } else if (activity instanceof OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) { Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); handler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { final int[] grantResults = new int[permissions.length]; PackageManager packageManager = activity.getPackageManager(); String packageName = activity.getPackageName(); final int permissionCount = permissions.length; for (int i = 0; i < permissionCount; i++) { grantResults[i] = packageManager.checkPermission( permissions[i], packageName); } ((OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) activity).onRequestPermissionsResult( requestCode, permissions, grantResults); } }); } }</code></pre> <p>可以看到，如果是6.0以下，直接通过PKMS查询是否在Manifest里面申请了权限，并把查询结果通过onRequestPermissionsResult回调传给Activity或者Fragment。其实这里只要在Manifest中声明了，就会默认是Granted。接着往下看：ActivityCompatApi23最终会调用activity.requestPermissions去请求权限。</p> <p>Activity</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public final void requestPermissions(@NonNull String[] permissions, int requestCode) { Intent intent = getPackageManager().buildRequestPermissionsIntent(permissions); startActivityForResult(REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_WHO_PREFIX, intent, requestCode, null); }</code></pre> <p>Intent其实是通过PackageManager（ApplicationPackageManager实现类）获取的Intent</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public Intent buildRequestPermissionsIntent(@NonNull String[] permissions) { if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permissions)) { throw new NullPointerException("permission cannot be null or empty"); } Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_NAMES, permissions); intent.setPackage(getPermissionControllerPackageName()); return intent; }</code></pre> <p>这里首先是隐式的获取授权Activity组件相关信息（GrantPermissionsActivity），其实就是对话框样式的授权Activity，它是PackageInstaller系统应用里面的一个Activity。这里的getPermissionControllerPackageName其实就是获取相应的包名，</p> <p>ApplicationPackageManager.java (android-6.0\frameworks\base\core\java\android\app)</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public String getPermissionControllerPackageName() { synchronized (mLock) { if (mPermissionsControllerPackageName == null) { try { mPermissionsControllerPackageName = mPM.getPermissionControllerPackageName(); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Package manager has died", e); } } return mPermissionsControllerPackageName; } }</code></pre> <p>最终通过PackageManagerService获取包名</p> <p>PackageManagerService.java (android-6.0\frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\pm)</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public String getPermissionControllerPackageName() { synchronized (mPackages) { return mRequiredInstallerPackage; } }</code></pre> <p>mRequiredInstallerPackage这个变量具体赋值是在PMS的构造器中：对于原生Android 6.0，权限管理的APP跟安装器是同一个</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">mRequiredInstallerPackage = getRequiredInstallerLPr();</code></pre> <p>这里会得到PackageInstaller应用的相关信息，PackageInstaller负责应用的安装与卸载，里面还包含了对授权管理的一些逻辑。startActivityForResult启动的就是PackageInstaller中的GrantPermissionsActivity，该Activity主要负责权限的授予工作。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><activity android:name=".permission.ui.GrantPermissionsActivity" android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize" android:excludeFromRecents="true" android:theme="@style/GrantPermissions"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.content.pm.action.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </activity></code></pre> <p>这是一个类似于对话框的悬浮窗样式的Activity</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><style name="GrantPermissions" parent="Settings"> <item name="android:windowIsFloating">true</item> <item name="android:windowElevation">@dimen/action_dialog_z</item> <item name="android:windowSwipeToDismiss">false</item> </style></code></pre> <p>之后就是动态更新权限流程：</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/c8294132af7af765c0f762461a030b1f.png"></p> <p>权限恢复流程</p> <h2>如何动态更新RuntimePermission</h2> <p>通过上面的流程，我们进入了GrantPermissionsActivity，在这个Activity里面，如果一开始没有获得权限，就会弹出权限申请对话框，根据用户的操作去更新PKMS中的权限信息，同时将更新的结构持久化到runtime-permissions.xml中去。</p> <p>GrantPermissionsActivity</p> <p>GrantPermissionsActivity其实是利用GroupState对象与PKMS通信，远程更新权限的，当然，如果权限都已经授予了，那么就不需要再次弹出权限申请对话框。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class GrantPermissionsActivity extends OverlayTouchActivity implements GrantPermissionsViewHandler.ResultListener { private LinkedHashMap<String, GroupState> mRequestGrantPermissionGroups = new LinkedHashMap<>(); .... @Override public void onPermissionGrantResult(String name, boolean granted, boolean doNotAskAgain) { GroupState groupState = mRequestGrantPermissionGroups.get(name); if (groupState.mGroup != null) { if (granted) { <!--权限更新时机--> groupState.mGroup.grantRuntimePermissions(doNotAskAgain); groupState.mState = GroupState.STATE_ALLOWED; } else { groupState.mGroup.revokeRuntimePermissions(doNotAskAgain); groupState.mState = GroupState.STATE_DENIED; } updateGrantResults(groupState.mGroup); } if (!showNextPermissionGroupGrantRequest()) { setResultAndFinish(); } }</code></pre> <p>具体更新流程：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public boolean grantRuntimePermissions(boolean fixedByTheUser, String[] filterPermissions) { final int uid = mPackageInfo.applicationInfo.uid; // We toggle permissions only to apps that support runtime // permissions, otherwise we toggle the app op corresponding // to the permission if the permission is granted to the app. for (Permission permission : mPermissions.values()) { if (filterPermissions != null && !ArrayUtils.contains(filterPermissions, permission.getName())) { continue; } ... <!--一些关键点--> // Grant the permission if needed. if (!permission.isGranted()) { permission.setGranted(true); mPackageManager.grantRuntimePermission(mPackageInfo.packageName, permission.getName(), mUserHandle); } // Update the permission flags. if (!fixedByTheUser) { // Now the apps can ask for the permission as the user // no longer has it fixed in a denied state. if (permission.isUserFixed() || permission.isUserSet()) { permission.setUserFixed(false); permission.setUserSet(true); mPackageManager.updatePermissionFlags(permission.getName(), mPackageInfo.packageName, PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_FIXED | PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_SET, 0, mUserHandle);</code></pre> <p>可以看到最终还是调用PackageManager去更新App的运行时权限,最终走进PackageManagerService服务，</p> <p>PackageManagerService</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public void grantRuntimePermission(String packageName, String name, final int userId) { if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) { Log.e(TAG, "No such user:" + userId); return; } ...一些检查 mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission( android.Manifest.permission.GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS, "grantRuntimePermission"); enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, true /* requireFullPermission */, true /* checkShell */, "grantRuntimePermission"); 。。。。。 ... uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, pkg.applicationInfo.uid); sb = (SettingBase) pkg.mExtras; if (sb == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown package: " + packageName); } final PermissionsState permissionsState = sb.getPermissionsState(); ... ...授权 final int result = permissionsState.grantRuntimePermission(bp, userId); switch (result) { case PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE: { return; } case PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS_GIDS_CHANGED: { final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(pkg.applicationInfo.uid); mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { killUid(appId, userId, KILL_APP_REASON_GIDS_CHANGED); } }); } break; } mOnPermissionChangeListeners.onPermissionsChanged(uid); <!--持久化--> // Not critical if that is lost - app has to request again. mSettings.writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr(userId, false); }</code></pre> <p><!--查询是否在Manifest声明过权限--></p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private static void enforceDeclaredAsUsedAndRuntimeOrDevelopmentPermission(PackageParser.Package pkg, BasePermission bp) { int index = pkg.requestedPermissions.indexOf(bp.name); if (index == -1) { throw new SecurityException("Package " + pkg.packageName + " has not requested permission " + bp.name); } if (!bp.isRuntime() && !bp.isDevelopment()) { throw new SecurityException("Permission " + bp.name + " is not a changeable permission type"); } }</code></pre> <p>首先要更新内存中的权限授予情况</p> <p>PermissionsState.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private int grantPermission(BasePermission permission, int userId) { if (hasPermission(permission.name, userId)) { return PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE; } final boolean hasGids = !ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permission.computeGids(userId)); final int[] oldGids = hasGids ? computeGids(userId) : NO_GIDS; PermissionData permissionData = ensurePermissionData(permission); if (!permissionData.grant(userId)) { return PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE; } if (hasGids) { final int[] newGids = computeGids(userId); if (oldGids.length != newGids.length) { return PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS_GIDS_CHANGED; } } return PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS; }</code></pre> <p><!--动态添加更新内存Permison --></p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private PermissionData ensurePermissionData(BasePermission permission) { if (mPermissions == null) { mPermissions = new ArrayMap<>(); } PermissionData permissionData = mPermissions.get(permission.name); if (permissionData == null) { permissionData = new PermissionData(permission); mPermissions.put(permission.name, permissionData); } return permissionData; }</code></pre> <p>下一步，要将更新的权限持久化到文件中去 mSettings.writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr</p> <h2>RuntimePermission持久化</h2> <p>Settings.java</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public void writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr(int userId, boolean sync) { if (sync) { mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.writePermissionsForUserSyncLPr(userId); } else { mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.writePermissionsForUserAsyncLPr(userId); } }</code></pre> <p>Settings.getPackageLPw这个方法，这是在安装应用扫描的时候scanPackageDirtyLI方法调用的，里面可以看到Settings类中的mUserIds、mPackages里面存的value还有PackageManagerService中的mPackages.pkg. mExtras都是同一个玩意奏是个PackageSetting。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">private File getUserRuntimePermissionsFile(int userId) { // TODO: Implement a cleaner solution when adding tests. // This instead of Environment.getUserSystemDirectory(userId) to support testing. File userDir = new File(new File(mSystemDir, "users"), Integer.toString(userId)); return new File(userDir, RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS_FILE_NAME); }</code></pre> <p>在目录data/system/0/runtime-permissions.xml存放需要运行时申请的权限，Android6.0以上才有</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><pkg name="com.snail.labaffinity"> <item name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" granted="true" flags="0" /> <item name="android.permission.CAMERA" granted="false" flags="1" /> </pkg></code></pre> <h2>RuntimePermission恢复（其实这里也包含普通权限）</h2> <p>这些持久化的数据会在手机启动的时候由PMS读取,开机启动，PKMS扫描Apk，并更新package信息，检查/data/system/packages.xml是否存在，这个文件是在解析apk时由writeLP()创建的，里面记录了系统的permissions，以及每个apk的name,codePath,flags,ts,version,uesrid等信息，这些信息主要通过apk的AndroidManifest.xml解析获取，解析完apk后将更新信息写入这个文件并保存到flash，下次开机直接从里面读取相关信息添加到内存相关列表中，当有apk升级，安装或删除时会更新这个文件，packages.xml放的只包括installpermission，runtimepermissiono由runtime-permissions.xml存放。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public PackageManagerService(Context context, Installer installer, boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) { .... mSettings = new Settings(mPackages); //汇总并更新和Permission相关的信息 updatePermissionsLPw(null, null, true, regrantPermissions,regrantPermissions); //将信息写到package.xml、package.list及package-stopped.xml文件中 mSettings.writeLPr(); .... mFirstBoot = !mSettings.readLPw(sUserManager.getUsers(false)); Settings(File dataDir, Object lock) { mRuntimePermissionsPersistence = new RuntimePermissionPersistence(mLock); <!--加载package信息--></code></pre> <p>根据SettingsFile或者BackupSettingsFile读取相应的设置信息 生成PackageSetting对象，里面有权限列表字段protected final PermissionsState mPermissionsState;，之后再运行中，动态权限的操作都是针对这个对象</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">boolean readLPw(@NonNull List<UserInfo> users) { FileInputStream str = null; if (mBackupSettingsFilename.exists()) { try { str = new FileInputStream(mBackupSettingsFilename); mReadMessages.append("Reading from backup settings file\n"); ... while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) { String tagName = parser.getName(); if (tagName.equals("package")) { !--读取package信息，包括install权限信息（对于Android6.0package.xml）--> readPackageLPw(parser); ... <!--读取runtime权限信息--> for (UserInfo user : users) { mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.readStateForUserSyncLPr(user.id); } } private void readPackageLPw(XmlPullParser parser) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException { String name = null; ... (tagName.equals(TAG_PERMISSIONS)) { readInstallPermissionsLPr(parser, packageSetting.getPermissionsState());</code></pre> <p>之后就可以checkpermission了</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">@Override public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) { final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid); if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; } synchronized (mPackages) { Object obj = mSettings.getUserIdLPr(UserHandle.getAppId(uid)); if (obj != null) { final SettingBase ps = (SettingBase) obj; final PermissionsState permissionsState = ps.getPermissionsState(); if (permissionsState.hasPermission(permName, userId)) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; }</code></pre> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/dee94b68a9cc9dc488ada866e8e2b854.png"></p> <p>权限恢复流程</p> <p>原来的权限存放位置在哪？不会都从Android Manifest清单去读取，只会在启动时读取一次。Android6.0之前会吧所有的权限都放置在data/system/packages.xml文件中。Android6.0之后，分为运行时权限跟普通权限，普通权限还是放在data/system/packages.xml中，运行时权限防止在data/system/users/0/runtime-permissions.xml文件中。根据运行时是否动态申请去更新权限。</p> <h2>Android6.0申请普通权限会怎么样</h2> <p>Android6.0里，普通权限仍然按照运行时权限的模型，只是granted="true"，就是永远是取得授权的。所以可以直接获得权限申请成功的回调。如果查看packages.xml，就会发现：如下信息：</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><perms> <item name="android.permission.INTERNET" granted="true" flags="0" /> <item name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" granted="true" flags="0" /> </perms></code></pre> <h2>Android的关键节点，在哪里？</h2> <p>关键节点并不是查询是否具有该权限，Android6.0之前的 权限查询是不会触发权限申请与授权的，只有在请求系统服务的时候，由系统服务调用AppopsManager去查询是否赋予了该权限，第一次未操作肯定是null，未赋予就可能会触发权限申请逻辑，这个点在各个系统服务内部，由AppOpsService服务统一管理，不过对于官方的Release版本，其实只有系统通知APP才有动态权限管理的能力，其他都没有操作能力。</p> <h2>参考文档</h2> <p>1、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731241741925503" rel="nofollow,noindex">Android 安全機制概述 Permission</a></p> <p>2、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731241839232021" rel="nofollow,noindex">android permission权限与安全机制解析</a></p> <p>3、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731241919354355" rel="nofollow,noindex">android6.0权限管理原理</a></p> <p>4、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731242003429814" rel="nofollow,noindex">深入理解 PackageManagerService</a></p> <p>5、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731242095781706" rel="nofollow,noindex">Android 4.3 隐藏功能 App Ops 分析</a></p> <p>6、 <a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIxNzEyMzIzOA==&mid=2652313851&idx=1&sn=a15519b65e7bedefbb566fe6d01935cb&scene=4#wechat_redirect" rel="nofollow,noindex">Android 权限机制，你真的了解吗？</a></p> <p>7、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731242278475302" rel="nofollow,noindex">Android原生权限管理：AppOps</a></p> <p>8、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731242362822388" rel="nofollow,noindex">Android 5.1 AppOps总结</a></p> <p>9、 <a href="/misc/goto?guid=4959731242444890773" rel="nofollow,noindex">CM12源码</a></p> <p> </p> <p>来自：http://www.jianshu.com/p/9938d367b6db</p> <p> </p>