Kaptcha 和 JCaptcha 使用介绍和实例
LeilaniHodg
7年前
<p>Kaptcha 是一个非常实用的验证码生成工具，它是基于SimpleCaptcha的开源项目。通过调整Kaptcha配置可以生成各种样式的验证码。</p> <p>使用Kaptcha可以方便的配置以下细节：</p> <ul> <li>验证码的字体</li> <li>验证码字体的大小</li> <li>验证码字体的字体颜色</li> <li>验证码内容的范围</li> <li>验证码图片的大小，边框，边框粗细，边框颜色</li> <li>验证码的干扰线</li> <li>验证码的样式</li> </ul> <h3><strong>JCaptcha简介</strong></h3> <p>JCapthca是一个开源的用来生成图形验证码的Java开源组件，它非常强大，不光是可以生成图片式的验证码，还可以生成声音式的。</p> <p>JCaptcha是CAPTCHA里面的一个比较著名的项目。</p> <h3><strong>Kaptcha测试实例</strong></h3> <p>添加依赖包</p> <p>在pom.xml文件中新增dependency</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.kaptcha</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency> </code></pre> <p>配置applicationContext.xml</p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><beanid="captchaProducer"class="com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha"> <propertyname="config"> <beanclass="com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config"> <constructor-arg> <props> <propkey="kaptcha.border">yes</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.border.color">105,179,90</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.textproducer.font.color">blue</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.image.width">80</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.image.height">30</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.textproducer.font.size">27</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.session.key">code</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.textproducer.char.length">4</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.textproducer.font.names">宋体,楷体,微软雅黑</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.textproducer.char.string">123456789ABCE</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.obscurificator.impl">com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.noise.color">white</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.noise.impl">com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.background.clear.from">white</prop> <propkey="kaptcha.background.clear.to">white</prop> </props> </constructor-arg> </bean> </property> </bean> </code></pre> <p><strong>Controller实现</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-java">importcom.google.code.kaptcha.Constants; importcom.google.code.kaptcha.Producer; importorg.springframework.stereotype.Controller; importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; importjavax.annotation.Resource; importjavax.imageio.ImageIO; importjavax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; importjavax.servlet.http.Cookie; importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; importjava.awt.image.BufferedImage; importjava.util.Random; @Controller @RequestMapping("/code") publicclassCaptchaController{ @Resource privateProducer captchaProducer; @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value ="/captchaImage") publicvoidgetKaptchaImage(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throwsException{ response.setDateHeader("Expires",0); response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache, must-revalidate"); response.addHeader("Cache-Control","post-check=0, pre-check=0"); response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache"); response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); String capText = captchaProducer.createText();// 生成验证码字符串 Cookie cookie = newCookie(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY, capText);// 生成cookie cookie.setMaxAge(300);// 300秒生存期 response.addCookie(cookie); // 将cookie加入response BufferedImage bi = captchaProducer.createImage(capText);// 生成验证码图片 ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(bi, "jpg", out); try{ out.flush(); } finally{ out.close(); } return; } privateStringgetRandomString(intlength){ String base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"; Random random = newRandom(); StringBuilder sb = newStringBuilder(length +1); for(inti =0; i < length; ++i) { intnumber = random.nextInt(base.length()); sb.append(base.charAt(number)); } returnsb.toString(); } } </code></pre> <p><strong>前端代码</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><imgid="verify"width="80"height="30"src="/code/captchaImage"/> </code></pre> <p><strong>测试结果</strong></p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/23d6cd7ef4b8cd3b67eaf7788d623077.png"></p> <p><strong>Kaptcha可配置项</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>配置项</th> <th>描述</th> <th>默认值</th> <th>可选值</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>kaptcha.border</td> <td>是否有边框</td> <td>默认为yes</td> <td>yes,no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.border.color</td> <td>边框颜色</td> <td>默认为Color.BLACK</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.border.thickness</td> <td>边框粗细度</td> <td>默认为1</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.producer.impl</td> <td>验证码生成器</td> <td>默认为DefaultKaptcha</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.impl</td> <td>验证码文本生成器</td> <td>默认为DefaultTextCreator</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</td> <td>验证码文本字符内容范围</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</td> <td>验证码文本字符长度</td> <td>默认为5</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.font.names</td> <td>验证码文本字体样式</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</td> <td>验证码文本字符大小</td> <td>默认为40</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.font.color</td> <td>验证码文本字符颜色</td> <td>默认为Color.BLACK</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.textproducer.char.space</td> <td>验证码文本字符间距</td> <td>默认为2</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.noise.impl</td> <td>验证码噪点生成对象</td> <td>默认为DefaultNoise</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.noise.color</td> <td>验证码噪点颜色</td> <td>默认为Color.BLACK</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.obscurificator.impl</td> <td>验证码样式引擎</td> <td>默认为WaterRipple</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.word.impl</td> <td>验证码文本字符渲染</td> <td>默认为DefaultWordRenderer</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.background.impl</td> <td>验证码背景生成器</td> <td>默认为DefaultBackground</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.background.clear.from</td> <td>验证码背景颜色渐进</td> <td>默认为Color.LIGHT_GRAY</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.background.clear.to</td> <td>验证码背景颜色渐进</td> <td>默认为Color.WHITE</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.image.width</td> <td>验证码图片宽度</td> <td>默认为200</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>kaptcha.image.height</td> <td>验证码图片高度</td> <td>默认为50</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>图片样式：</p> <p>水纹 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple</p> <p>鱼眼 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy</p> <p>阴影 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.ShadowGimpy</p> <h3><strong>JCaptcha测试实例</strong></h3> <p><strong>添加依赖包</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><dependency> <groupId>com.octo.captcha</groupId> <artifactId>jcaptcha-all</artifactId> <version>1.0-RC6</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-collections</groupId> <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> </code></pre> <p>注意：如果是Spring项目，必须加上exclusion，不然会提示BeanDefinitionParsingException错误。</p> <p>org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Unable to locate NamespaceHandler for namespace </p> <p><strong>Service实现</strong></p> <p>JCaptcha建议使用单例提供服务。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">importcom.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.GradientBackgroundGenerator; importcom.octo.captcha.component.image.color.SingleColorGenerator; importcom.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.RandomFontGenerator; importcom.octo.captcha.component.image.textpaster.NonLinearTextPaster; importcom.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.ComposedWordToImage; importcom.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.RandomWordGenerator; importcom.octo.captcha.engine.GenericCaptchaEngine; importcom.octo.captcha.image.gimpy.GimpyFactory; importcom.octo.captcha.service.captchastore.FastHashMapCaptchaStore; importcom.octo.captcha.service.image.DefaultManageableImageCaptchaService; importcom.octo.captcha.service.image.ImageCaptchaService; importjava.awt.*; publicclassCaptchaService{ privatestaticclassSingletonHolder{ privatestaticImageCaptchaService imageCaptchaService =newDefaultManageableImageCaptchaService( newFastHashMapCaptchaStore(), newGenericCaptchaEngine( newGimpyFactory[]{newGimpyFactory( newRandomWordGenerator("123456789ABCE"), newComposedWordToImage( newRandomFontGenerator(20,20,newFont[]{newFont("Arial",20,20)}), newGradientBackgroundGenerator(90,30,newSingleColorGenerator(newColor(235,255,255)),newSingleColorGenerator(newColor(255,195,230))), newNonLinearTextPaster(4,4,newColor(11,11,11)) ) )} ), 180, 180000, 20000 ); } privateCaptchaService(){} publicstaticImageCaptchaServicegetInstance(){ returnSingletonHolder.imageCaptchaService; } } </code></pre> <p><strong>Controller实现</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-java">importorg.springframework.stereotype.Controller; importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; importjavax.imageio.ImageIO; importjavax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; importjava.awt.image.BufferedImage; @Controller @RequestMapping("/code") publicclassCaptchaController{ @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value ="/captchaImage") publicvoidgetJCaptchaImage(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throwsException{ response.setDateHeader("Expires",0); response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache, must-revalidate"); response.addHeader("Cache-Control","post-check=0, pre-check=0"); response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache"); response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); BufferedImage bi = CaptchaService.getInstance().getImageChallengeForID(request.getSession(true) .getId()); ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(bi, "jpg", out); try{ out.flush(); } finally{ out.close(); } return; } @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value ="/validate") publicBooleanlogin(String username, String password, String captcha, HttpServletRequest request){ Boolean result = false; Boolean isCaptchaCorrect = CaptchaService.getInstance().validateResponseForID(request.getSession().getId(), captcha); if(isCaptchaCorrect) { } returnresult; } } </code></pre> <p><strong>前端代码</strong></p> <pre> <code class="language-java"><img id="verify" width="80" height="30" src="/code/captchaImage" /> </code></pre> <p>测试结果</p> <p><a href="https://simg.open-open.com/show/dff0dc2d61187d70b107071aa8ec2d6d.png" rel="group"><img alt="Kaptcha 和 JCaptcha 使用介绍和实例" src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/dff0dc2d61187d70b107071aa8ec2d6d.png" width="192" height="80"></a></p> <p>来自：http://tedhacker.top/2016/11/14/Kaptcha和JCaptcha使用介绍/</p> <p> </p>