Android-ble - Android蓝牙4.0操作demo

jopen 8年前

Android-ble

Android蓝牙4.0操作demo 最近,随着智能穿戴式设备、智能医疗以及智能家居的普及,蓝牙开发在移动开中显得非常的重要。由于公司需要,研究了一下,蓝牙4.0在Android中的应用。以下是我的一些总结。

      #1.先介绍一下关于蓝牙4.0中的一些名词吧:           (1)GATT(Gneric Attibute  Profile)

通过ble连接,读写属性类小数据Profile通用的规范。现在所有的ble应用Profile 都是基于GATT (2)ATT(Attribute Protocal) GATT是基于ATT Potocal的ATT针对BLE设备专门做的具体就是传输过程中使用尽量少的数据,每个属性都有个唯一的UUID,属性chartcteristics and Service的形式传输。

(3)Service是Characteristic的集合。 (4).Characteristic 特征类型。

比如。有个蓝牙ble的血压计。他可能包括多个Servvice,每个Service有包括多个Characteristic

注意:蓝牙ble只能支持Android 4.3以上的系统 SDK>=18

  #2.以下是开发的步骤:    # 2.1首先获取BluetoothManager

BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
# 2.2获取BluetoothAdapter

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

 # 2.3创建BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback

private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {

    @Override        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, final byte[] scanRecord) {              runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {                @Override                public void run() {                    try {                        String struuid = NumberUtils.bytes2HexString(NumberUtils.reverseBytes(scanRecord)).replace("-", "").toLowerCase();                        if (device!=null && struuid.contains(DEVICE_UUID_PREFIX.toLowerCase())) {                            mBluetoothDevices.add(device);                        }                    } catch (Exception e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }            });        }    };      # 2.4.开始搜索设备。

mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

#2.5.BluetoothDevice 描述了一个蓝牙设备 提供了getAddress()设备Mac地址,getName()设备的名称。 #2.6开始连接设备

/** * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device. *
* @param address * The device address of the destination device. *
* @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The * connection result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} * callback. */
public boolean connect(final String address) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
return false;
}

    // Previously connected device. Try to reconnect. (先前连接的设备。 尝试重新连接)        if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress) && mBluetoothGatt != null) {            Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");            if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;                return true;            } else {                return false;            }        }          final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);        if (device == null) {            Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");            return false;        }        // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the        // autoConnect        // parameter to false.        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");        mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;        mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;        return true;    }  

#2.7连接到设备之后获取设备的服务(Service)和服务对应的Characteristic。

// Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
// Services/Characteristics.
// In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
// ExpandableListView
// on the UI.
private void displayGattServices(List gattServices) {
if (gattServices == null)
return;
String uuid = null;
ArrayList> gattServiceData = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList>> gattCharacteristicData = new ArrayList<>();

mGattCharacteristics = new ArrayList<>();      // Loops through available GATT Services.    for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {        HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData = new HashMap<>();        uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();        if (uuid.contains("ba11f08c-5f14-0b0d-1080")) {//服务的uuid            //System.out.println("this gattService UUID is:" + gattService.getUuid().toString());            currentServiceData.put(LIST_NAME, "Service_OX100");            currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);            gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);            ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData = new ArrayList<>();            List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics();            ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas = new ArrayList<>();              // Loops through available Characteristics.            for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) {                charas.add(gattCharacteristic);                HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData = new HashMap<>();                uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();                if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd01")) {                    currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd01");                } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd02")) {                    currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd02");                } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd03")) {                    currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd03");                } else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd04")) {                    currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd04");                } else {                    currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "write");                }                  currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);                gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);            }              mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);              gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);              mCharacteristicCD01 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));            mCharacteristicCD02 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));            mCharacteristicCD03 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));            mCharacteristicCD04 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));            mCharacteristicWrite = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd20-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));              //System.out.println("=======================Set Notification==========================");            // 开始顺序监听,第一个:CD01            mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD01, true);            mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD02, true);            mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD03, true);            mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD04, true);        }    }  

}

2.8获取到特征之后,找到服务中可以向下位机写指令的特征,向该特征写入指令。

public void wirteCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

    if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");            return;        }          mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);      }  

2.9写入成功之后,开始读取设备返回来的数据。

private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
String intentAction;
//System.out.println("=======status:" + status);
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());

        } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;                mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;                Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);            }        }          @Override        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);            } else {                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);            }        }        //从特征中读取数据        @Override        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {            //System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);            }        }        //向特征中写入数据        @Override        public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {            //System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);        }          /*        * when connected successfully will callback this method this method can        * dealwith send password or data analyze          *当连接成功将回调该方法        */        @Override        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);            if (characteristic.getValue() != null) {                  //System.out.println(characteristic.getStringValue(0));            }            //System.out.println("--------onCharacteristicChanged-----");        }          @Override        public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {              //System.out.println("onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());              UUID uuid = descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid();            if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD01NOTIDIED);            } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD02NOTIDIED);            } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD03NOTIDIED);            } else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD04NOTIDIED);            }        }          @Override        public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {            //System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);        }    };      ----------------------------------------------      //从特征中读取数据        @Override        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {            //System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);            }        }  

2.10、断开连接

/** * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} * callback. */
public void disconnect() {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
}

2.11、数据的转换方法

// byte转十六进制字符串
public static String bytes2HexString(byte[] bytes) {
String ret = "";
for (byte aByte : bytes) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(aByte & 0xFF);
if (hex.length() == 1) {
hex = '0' + hex;
}
ret += hex.toUpperCase(Locale.CHINA);
}
return ret;
}

/** * 将16进制的字符串转换为字节数组 *
* @param message * @return 字节数组 */
public static byte[] getHexBytes(String message) {
int len = message.length() / 2;
char[] chars = message.toCharArray();
String[] hexStr = new String[len];
byte[] bytes = new byte[len];
for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i += 2, j++) {
hexStr[j] = "" + chars[i] + chars[i + 1];
bytes[j] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hexStr[j], 16);
}
return bytes;
}

总结

大概整体就是如上的步骤。但是也是要具体根据厂家的协议来实现通信的过程。

就那一个我们项目中的demo说一下。 一个蓝牙ble的血压计。 上位机---手机 下位机 -- 血压计 1.血压计与手机连接蓝牙之后。 2.上位机主动向下位机发送一个身份验证指令,下位机收到指令后开始给上位做应答, 3.应答成功,下位机会将测量的血压数据传送到上位机。 4.最后断开连接。

项目地址: https://github.com/lidong1665/Android-ble