用Python备份MYSQL 数据库

ybw8 9年前

 工作需要,对公司的MYSQL数据库进行备份,赶上刚刚开始学python,看了一套简单的python教学视频,简单的写了个备份脚本,个人表示 对python 的class 、function、build-in function 、私有变量、全局变量 等等,该怎么用,啥时候用等 毫无概念 ,仅此记录一下吧,也欢迎路过的pythoner赐教。

个人已知的一些问题:

   1、该脚本必须要求 mysql配置文件内的所有行为 key=value的格式,并且不能存在多余的注释,否则ConfigParser模块解析配置文件时会出错,由于没研究过ConfigParser是不是有容错的方法可以调用,也没时间写容错处理,而是通过整理my.ini 配置文件使其符合ConfigParser的要求解决的。后面会附上我用的mysql配置文件。

   2、大量使用类私有成员变量,因为完全不知道python 变量、类方法、等等啥时候该私有化,以及有啥区别,只知道类私有成员变量在别的脚本中import 或者继承时,是不可见的。

   3、比较多的进行文件操作,以及传值操作,目前只保证按正确格式传值没问题,没有做多余的容错处理。    4、大量的在进行字符串拼接,第一次写运维相关脚本,由于要调用系统命令,和传递很多参数,也不会subprocess模块,不知道别人写运维脚本都具体咋做,就直接拼接了。

   5、其他未知的bug、未发现的逻辑错误等等。

环境:

- Server :             Dell PowerEdge T110

- OS:                   CentOS 6.3_x86_64

- PythonVersion:    2.7.3

- MysqlVersion:      5.5.28 linux x86_64

MysqlBackupScript.py

#!/usr/bin/env python  # coding: utf8  # script MysqlBackupScript  # by Becareful  # version v1.0     """  This scripts provides auto backup mysql(version == 5.5.x) database .  """     import os  import sys  import datetime         #用于生成备份文件的日期  import linecache        #用于读取文件的指定行  import ConfigParser     #解析mysql配置文件        class DatabaseArgs(object):      """         """         __MYSQL_BASE_DIR = r'/usr/local/mysql'            #mysql安装目录      __MYSQL_BIN_DIR = __MYSQL_BASE_DIR + '/bin'       #mysql二进制目录      __MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE = r'/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf'  #mysql配置文件         __ONEDAY = datetime.timedelta(days=1)             #一天的时长,用于计算下面的前一天和后一天日期      __TODAY = datetime.date.today()      #当天日期格式为 YYYY-MM-DD      __YESTERDAY = __TODAY - __ONEDAY                  #计算昨天日期      __TOMORROW = __TODAY + __ONEDAY                   #计算明天日期      __WEEKDAY = __TODAY.strftime('%w')                #计算当天是一星期的星期几         __MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS = {                             #用一个字典存储mysqldump 命令备份数据库的参数          'MYISAM': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F  -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ',          'INNODB': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F --single-transaction -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B '      }         __DUMP_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqldump'   #mysqldump 命令的 路径 用于dump mysql数据      __FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqladmin'    #mysqladmin 命令的路径 ,用于执行 flush-logs 生成每天增量binlog         __BACKUP_DIR = r'/backup/'                        # 指定备份文件存放的目录         __PROJECTNAME = 'example'                         # 指定需要备份的数据库对应的项目名,将来会生成 projectname-YYYY-MM-DD.sql 等文件      __DATABASE_LIST = []                              # 指定需要备份的数据库名,可以是多个,使用列表      __HOST = 'localhost'      __PORT = 3306      __USERNAME = 'root'      __PASSWORD = ''      __LOGINARGS = ''                                  # 如果在localhost登陆,需要密码,可以设定登陆的参数,具体在下面有说明      __LOGFILE = __BACKUP_DIR + '/backup.logs'         def __init__(self, baseDir=__MYSQL_BASE_DIR, backDir=__BACKUP_DIR, engine='MYISAM', projectName=__PROJECTNAME,                   dbList=__DATABASE_LIST, host=__HOST, port=__PORT, user=__USERNAME, passwd=__PASSWORD):             """              实例化对象时传入的参数,如不传入默认使用类的私有成员变量作为默认值      :param baseDir:          :param backDir:      :param engine:      :param projectName:      :param dbList:      :param host:      :param port:      :param user:      :param passwd:      """          self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = baseDir          self.__BACKUP_DIR = backDir          self.__PROJECTNAME = projectName          self.__DATABASE_LIST = dbList          self.__HOST = host          self.__PORT = port          self.__USERNAME = user          self.__PASSWORD = passwd          self.__ENGINE = self.__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS[engine]          #下面定义了如需登陆时,参数 其实就是生成 这样的格式  “-hlocalhost -uroot --password=‘xxxx’”          self.__LOGINARGS = " -h" + self.__HOST + " -P" + str(              self.__PORT) + " -u" + self.__USERNAME + " --password='" + self.__PASSWORD + "'"          self.checkDatabaseArgs()   #调用检查函数         def __getconfig(self, cnf=__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE, item=None):  # 解析mysql配置文件的小函数,简单封装了下,传入一个值作为my.cnf的key去查找对应的value             __mycnf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()          __mycnf.read(cnf)          try:              return __mycnf.get("mysqld", item)          except BaseException, e:              sys.stderr.write(str(e))              sys.exit(1)         def __getBinlogPath(self): #  取每天需要增量备份的binlog日志的绝对路径,从mysql的binlog.index文件取倒数第二行             __BINLOG_INDEX = self.__getconfig(item='log-bin') + '.index'             if not os.path.isfile(__BINLOG_INDEX):              sys.stderr.write('BINLOG INDEX FILE: [' + __BINLOG_INDEX + ' ] NOT FOUND! \n')              sys.exit(1)          else:              try:                  __BINLOG_PATH = linecache.getline(__BINLOG_INDEX, len(open(__BINLOG_INDEX, 'r').readlines()) - 1)                  linecache.clearcache()              except BaseException, e:                  sys.stderr.write(str(e))                  sys.exit(1)              return __BINLOG_PATH.strip()         def flushDatabaseBinlog(self):  # 调用此函数,将会执行  mysqladmin flush-logs ,刷新binlog日志          return os.popen(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + ' flush-logs')         def dumpDatabaseSQL(self):  #|通过mysqladmin 对指定数据库进行全备          if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' +  str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql'):              return os.popen(self.__DUMP_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + self.__ENGINE + ' '.join(                  self.__DATABASE_LIST) + ' >> ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(                  self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql')          else:              sys.stderr.write('Backup File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql]  already exists.\n')               def dumpDatabaseBinlog(self):#通过copy2() 将需要备份的binlog日志复制到指定备份目录             if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]):              from shutil import copy2              try:                  copy2(self.__getBinlogPath(), self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1])              except BaseException, e:                  sys.stderr.write(str(e))          else:              sys.stderr.write('Binlog File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1] + '] already exists\n' )            def checkDatabaseArgs(self):  #对一些必要条件进行检查          __rv = 0             if not os.path.isdir(self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR):  #检查指定的mysql安装目录是否存在              sys.stderr.write('MYSQL BASE DIR: [ ' + self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')              __rv += 1             if not os.path.isdir(self.__BACKUP_DIR):   #检查指定的备份目录是否存在,如不存在自动创建              sys.stderr.write('BACKUP DIR: [ ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME +  ' ] NOT FOUND ,AUTO CREATED\n')              os.makedirs(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME)             if not os.path.isfile(self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE): #检查mysql配置文件是否存在              sys.stderr.write('MYSQL CONFIG FILE: [' + self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')              __rv += 1             if not os.path.isfile(self.__DUMP_COMMAND):  #检查备份数据库时使用的mysqldump命令是否存在              sys.stderr.write('MYSQL DUMP COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')              __rv += 1             if not os.path.isfile(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND): #检查刷新mysql binlog日志使用的mysqladmin命令是否存在              sys.stderr.write('MYSQL FLUSH LOG COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')              __rv += 1             if not self.__DATABASE_LIST:  #检查需要备份的数据库列表是否存在              sys.stderr.write('Database List is None \n')              __rv += 1             if __rv:   # 判断返回值,由于上述任何一步检查失败,都会导致 __rv 值 +1 ,只要最后__rv != 0就直接退出了。              sys.exit(1)        def crontab():  # 使用字典,来进行相关参数传递,并实例化对象,调用相关方法进行操作         zabbix = {          'baseDir': '/usr/local/mysql/',          'backDir': '/backup/',          'projectName': 'Monitor',          'dbList': ['zabbix'],          'host': 'localhost',          'port': 3306,          'user': 'root',          'passwd': 'xxxxxxx'      }         monitor = DatabaseArgs(**zabbix)      monitor.dumpDatabaseSQL()      monitor.dumpDatabaseBinlog()      monitor.flushDatabaseBinlog()     if __name__ == '__main__':      crontab()

my.cnf

[client]  port                            = 3306  socket                          = /mysql/var/db.socket     [mysqld]  socket                          = /mysql/var/db.socket  datadir                         = /mysql/db/  skip-external-locking           = 1  skip-innodb                     = 0   key_buffer_size                 = 256M  max_allowed_packet              = 10M  table_open_cache                = 2048  sort_buffer_size                = 4M  read_buffer_size                = 4M  read_rnd_buffer_size            = 8M  myisam_sort_buffer_size         = 64M  myisam_max_sort_file_size       = 1G  myisam_repair_threads           = 1  myisam_recover                  = DEFAULT  thread_cache_size               = 32  query_cache_size                = 32M  query_cache_min_res_unit        = 2k  bulk_insert_buffer_size         = 64M  tmp_table_size                  = 128M  thread_stack                    = 192K  skip-name-resolve               = 1  max_connections                 = 65500  default-storage-engine          = myisam  federated                       = 0  server-id                       = 1  slave-skip-errors               = all  #log                            = /var/log/sql_query.log  slow-query-log                  = 1  slow-query-log-file             = /mysql/log/sql_query_slow.log  long-query-time                 = 5  log-queries-not-using-indexes   = 1  log-slow-admin-statements       = 1  log-bin                         = /mysql/var/log/binlog/bin-log  log-error                       = /mysql/var/log/mysql.err  master-info-file                = /mysql/var/log/master.info  relay-log                       = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin  relay-log-index                 = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.index  relay-log-info-file             = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.info  binlog_cache_size               = 8M  binlog_format                   = MIXED  max_binlog_cache_size           = 20M  max_binlog_size                 = 1G  binlog-ignore-db                = mysql  binlog-ignore-db                = performance_schema  binlog-ignore-db                = information_schema  replicate-ignore-db             = mysql  replicate-ignore-db             = performance_schema  replicate-ignore-db             = information_schema     innodb_data_home_dir            = /mysql/ibdata/  innodb_data_file_path           = ibdata:156M:autoextend  innodb_log_group_home_dir       = /mysql/ibdata/  log-slave-updates               = 0  back_log                        = 512  transaction_isolation           = READ-COMMITTED  max_heap_table_size             = 246M  interactive_timeout             = 120  wait_timeout                    = 120  innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M  innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 512M  innodb_file_io_threads          = 4  innodb_thread_concurrency       = 8  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2  innodb_log_buffer_size          = 16M  innodb_log_file_size            = 128M  innodb_log_files_in_group       = 3  innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct      = 90  innodb_lock_wait_timeout        = 120  innodb_file_per_table           = 1  innodb_open_file                = 327500  open_files_limit                = 327500     [mysqldump]  quick                           = 1  max_allowed_packet              = 50M     [mysql]  auto-rehash                     = 1  socket                          = /mysql/var/db.socket  safe-updates                    = 0     [myisamchk]  key_buffer_size                 = 256M  sort_buffer_size                = 256M  read_buffer                     = 2M  write_buffer                    = 2M     [mysqlhotcopy]  interactive-timeout             = 100

最终生成的备份目录结构是这样的

[root@zabbix backup]# find ./  ./  ./Monitor  ./Monitor/2013-03-16-bin-log.000008  ./Monitor/2013-03-14-bin-log.000006  ./Monitor/2013-03-16-Monitor.sql  ./Monitor/2013-03-15-Monitor.sql  ./Monitor/2013-03-15-bin-log.000007  ./Monitor/2013-03-14-Monitor.sql     ~END~