Android 蓝牙设备的查找和连接

jopen 10年前

1.权限
使用蓝牙设备需要先在Manifest中开放权限,位置如下。
[html] view plaincopy

<application ...>           ...    </application>      // 使用蓝牙设备的权限    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />    // 管理蓝牙设备的权限    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

2.打开蓝牙
获得蓝牙适配器(android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter),检查该设备是否支持蓝牙,如果支持,就打开蓝牙。
[java] view plaincopy
// 检查设备是否支持蓝牙
adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (adapter == null)
{

// 设备不支持蓝牙

}
// 打开蓝牙
if (!adapter.isEnabled())
{

Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);    // 设置蓝牙可见性,最多300秒    intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);    context.startActivity(intent);

}

3.获取已配对的蓝牙设备(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice)
首次连接某蓝牙设备需要先配对,一旦配对成功,该设备的信息会被保存,以后连接时无需再配对,所以已配对的设备不一定是能连接的。
[java] view plaincopy
BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
Set devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();
for(int i=0; i {

BluetoothDevice device = (BluetoothDevice) devices.iterator().next();    System.out.println(device.getName());

}

4.搜索周围的蓝牙设备
适配器搜索蓝牙设备后将结果以广播形式传出去,所以需要自定义一个继承广播的类,在onReceive方法中获得并处理蓝牙设备的搜索结果。
[java] view plaincopy
// 设置广播信息过滤
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
// 注册广播接收器,接收并处理搜索结果
context.registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
// 寻找蓝牙设备,android会将查找到的设备以广播形式发出去
adapter.startDiscovery();

自定义广播类
[java] view plaincopy
private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

String action = intent.getAction();        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);            System.out.println(device.getName());        }

}
}

5.蓝牙设备的配对和状态监视
[java] view plaincopy
private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

@Override    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {        String action = intent.getAction();        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {            // 获取查找到的蓝牙设备            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);            System.out.println(device.getName());            // 如果查找到的设备符合要连接的设备,处理            if (device.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {                // 搜索蓝牙设备的过程占用资源比较多,一旦找到需要连接的设备后需要及时关闭搜索                adapter.cancelDiscovery();                // 获取蓝牙设备的连接状态                connectState = device.getBondState();                switch (connectState) {                    // 未配对                    case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:                        // 配对                        try {                            Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");                            createBondMethod.invoke(device);                        } catch (Exception e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                        }                        break;                    // 已配对                    case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:                        try {                            // 连接                            connect(device);                        } catch (IOException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                        break;                }            }       } else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {            // 状态改变的广播            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);            if (device.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {                 connectState = device.getBondState();                switch (connectState) {                    case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:                        break;                    case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:                        break;                    case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:                        try {                            // 连接                            connect(device);                        } catch (IOException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                        break;                }            }        }    }

}

6.蓝牙设备的连接
[java] view plaincopy
private void connect(BluetoothDevice device) throws IOException {

// 固定的UUID    final String SPP_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB";    UUID uuid = UUID.fromString(SPP_UUID);    BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);    socket.connect();

}