Android入门:广播发送者与广播接收者

jopen 12年前

一、广播发送者&广播接收者介绍

 

 

1.广播接收者

 

广播接收者简单地说就是接收广播意图的Java类,此Java类继承BroadcastReceiver类,重写:

public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent),其中intent可以获得传递的数据;

广播意图就是通过Context.sendBroadcast(Intent intent)或Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent)发送的意图,通过这个语句,能够广播给所有满足条件的组件,比如intent设置了action="com.xiazdong",则所有在AndroidManifest.xml中设置过<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>的广播接收者都能够接收到广播;

 

2.广播发送者


通常广播发送方就是调用Context.sendBroadcast()的程序,而广播接收者就是继承BroadcastReceiver的程序;

通常广播发送方都是通过隐式意图,这样才能发送给多人;


广播发送方分为普通广播和有序广播;

同步广播:发送方发出后,几乎同时到达多个广播接收者处,某个接收者不能接收到广播后进行一番处理后传给下一个接收者,并且无法终止广播继续传播;Context.sendBroadcast(intent);

有序广播:广播接收者需要提前设置优先级,优先级高的先接收到广播,优先级数值为-1000~1000,在AndroidManifest.xml的<intent-filter android:priority="xxx">设置;比如存在3个广播接收者A、B、C,优先级A>B>C,因此A最先收到广播,当A收到广播后,可以向广播中添加一些数据给下一个接收者(intent.putExtra()),或者终止广播(abortBroadcast());Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent);



二、广播接收者核心代码


同步广播发送方核心代码:


Intent intent = new Intent();  intent.setAction("...");  Context.sendBroadcast(intent);


有序广播发送方核心代码:

Intent intent = new Intent();  intent.setAction("...");  Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);


广播接收者核心代码:


public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver{   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {    Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();    ...   }  }

AndroidManifest.xml

<application>            <receiver android:name=".Receiver">     <intent-filter android:priority="1000">      <action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>    </intent-filter>   </receiver>  </application>  


 

三、广播实例

 

 

1.同步广播实例

 

 

场景说明:


Android入门:广播发送者与广播接收者

 

(1)广播发送者:

 

package com.xiazdong.broadcastsender;    import android.app.Activity;  import android.content.Intent;  import android.os.Bundle;  import android.view.View;  import android.view.View.OnClickListener;  import android.widget.Button;  import android.widget.Toast;    public class MainActivity extends Activity {   private Button button;   private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {     Intent intent = new Intent();     intent.setAction("com.xiazdong");     intent.putExtra("name", "xiazdong");     MainActivity.this.sendBroadcast(intent);     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }   };   @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.main);          button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);          button.setOnClickListener(listener);      }  }


(2)广播接收者

 

package com.xiazdong.broadcastreceiver1;    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  import android.content.Context;  import android.content.Intent;  import android.util.Log;    public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {     @Override   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {    String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name");    Log.i("Recevier1", "接收到:"+name);   }    }


AndroidManifest.xml

 

<receiver android:name=".Receiver">          <intent-filter>               <action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>          </intent-filter>  </receiver>


结果:

 

Android入门:广播发送者与广播接收者

 

 

2.有序广播实例

 

 

场景说明:

Android入门:广播发送者与广播接收者

 

(1)广播发送者

 

package com.xiazdong.broadcastsender;    import android.app.Activity;  import android.content.Intent;  import android.os.Bundle;  import android.view.View;  import android.view.View.OnClickListener;  import android.widget.Button;  import android.widget.Toast;    public class MainActivity extends Activity {   private Button button;   private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {     Intent intent = new Intent();     intent.setAction("com.xiazdong");     intent.putExtra("name", "xiazdong");     MainActivity.this.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null); //有序广播发送     Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }   };   @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.main);          button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);          button.setOnClickListener(listener);      }  }


(2)广播接收者


Receiver1

package com.xiazdong.broadcastreceiver1;    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  import android.content.Context;  import android.content.Intent;  import android.util.Log;    public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {     @Override   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {    String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name");    Log.i("Recevier1", "接收到:"+name);    abortBroadcast(); //Receiver1接收到广播后中断广播   }    }


AndroidManifest.xml

 

<receiver android:name=".Receiver">        <intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <!-- 设置最高优先级 -->           <action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>        </intent-filter>   </receiver>