在C#中使用属性控制 XML 序列化来解析XML
fmms
12年前
<p>今天需要解析一个XML，这个XML和一般情况用.NET的序列化出来的格式不太一样。</p> <p>我就又补习了一下。</p> <p>分享一下学习成果吧。</p> <p>示例代码下载：</p> <p>http://download.csdn.net/detail/bdstjk/4028340</p> <p>使用属性可以控制对象的 XML 序列化。</p> <p>默认情况下，XML 元素名称由类或成员名称确定。在名为 <code>Book</code> 的简单类中，字段 <code>ISBN</code> 将生成 XML 元素标记 <ISBN>，如下面的示例所示。</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Book { public string ISBN; } // When an instance of the Book class is serialized, it might // produce this XML: // <ISBN>1234567890</ISBN>.</pre> <p><br /> 若要重新命名元素，可以更改这种默认行为。下面的代码演示属性 (Attribute) 如何通过设置 XmlElementAttribute 的 ElementName 属性 (Property) 实现此目的。</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class TaxRates{ [XmlElement(ElementName = "TaxRate")] public decimal ReturnTaxRate; }</pre> <p> </p> <p>XmlArrayAttribute 和 XmlArrayItemAttribute 属性旨在用于控制数组的序列化。使用这些属性可以控制元素名称、命名空间以及 XML 架构 (XSD) 数据类型（在万维网联合会 [www.w3.org] 文档“XML 架构第 2 部分：数据类型”中进行了定义）。此外，还可以指定数组所能包含的类型。</p> <p>对于序列化数组时生成的封闭 XML 元素，其属性将由 <strong>XmlArrayAttribute</strong> 确定。例如，默认情况下，序列化下面的数组时，将会生成名为<code>Employees</code> 的 XML 元素。<code>Employees</code> 元素将包含在数组类型<code>Employee</code> 之后命名的一系列元素。</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Group{ public Employee[] Employees; } public class Employee{ public string Name; }</pre> <p><br /> 序列化实例可能如下所示。</p> <pre class="brush:xml; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"><Group> <Employees> <Employee> <Name>Haley</Name> </Employee> </Employees > </Group></pre> <p> </p> <p>通过应用 <strong>XmlArrayAttribute</strong>，可以按照以下方式更改 XML 元素的名称。</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Group{ [XmlArray("TeamMembers")] public Employee[] Employees; }</pre> <p> </p> <p>生成的 XML 可能如下所示。</p> <pre class="brush:xml; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"><Group> <TeamMembers> <Employee> <Name>Haley</Name> </Employee> </TeamMembers></pre> <p> </p> <p>另一方面，<strong>XmlArrayItemAttribute</strong> 可以控制如何序列化数组中包含的项。请注意，该属性将应用于返回数组的字段。</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Group{ [XmlArrayItem("MemberName")] public Employee[] Employees; }</pre> <p> </p> <p>生成的 XML 可能如下所示。</p> <pre class="brush:xml; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"><Group> <Employees> <MemberName>Haley</MemberName> </Employees> </Group></pre> <p><br /> </p> <h2 class="heading">序列化派生类</h2> <div id="sectionSection2" class="seeAlsoNoToggleSection"> <p><strong>XmlArrayItemAttribute</strong> 的另一种用法是，允许序列化派生类。例如，可将派生自 <code>Employee</code> 的另一个名为<code>Manager</code> 的类添加至上一示例中。如果没有应用<strong>XmlArrayItemAttribute</strong>，代码将在运行时失败，原因是无法识别派生类类型。若要解决这个问题，每次为每个可接受类型（基类和派生类）设置 Type 属性 (Property) 时，需要应用该属性 (Attribute) 两次。</p> </div> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Group{ [XmlArrayItem(Type = typeof(Employee)), XmlArrayItem(Type = typeof(Manager))] public Employee[] Employees; } public class Employee{ public string Name; } public class Manager:Employee{ public int Level; }</pre> <p><br /> </p> <p>序列化实例可能如下所示。</p> <pre class="brush:xml; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"><Group> <Employees> <Employee> <Name>Haley</Name> </Employee> <Employee xsi:type = "Manager"> <Name>Ann</Name> <Level>3</Level> <Employee> </Employees > </Group></pre> <h2 class="heading">将数组作为元素序列进行序列化</h2> <div id="sectionSection3" class="seeAlsoNoToggleSection"> <p>通过将 <strong>XmlElementAttribute</strong> 应用于返回数组的字段，还可以将该数组作为 XML 元素的平面序列进行序列化，如下所示。</p> </div> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Group{ [XmlElement] public Employee[] Employees; }</pre> <p><br /> </p> <p>序列化实例可能如下所示。</p> <pre class="brush:xml; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"><Group> <Employees> <Name>Haley</Name> </Employees> <Employees> <Name>Noriko</Name> </Employees> <Employees> <Name>Marco</Name> </Employees> </Group></pre> <p><br /> </p> <p>区别两种 XML 流的另一个方法是，使用 XML 架构定义工具，从编译好的代码生成 XML 架构 (XSD) 文档文件。没有将属性应用于字段时，架构会以下列方式描述元素。</p> <div class="code"> <table class="ke-zeroborder" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th> </th> <th><br /> </th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><pre><xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs ="1" name="Employees" type="ArrayOfEmployee" /></pre></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>将 <strong>XmlElementAttribute</strong> 应用于字段时，生成的架构会以下列方式描述元素。</p> <div class="code"> <table class="ke-zeroborder" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <th> </th> <th> </th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><pre><xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="Employees" type="Employee" /> </pre></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="heading">序列化 ArrayList</h2> <p>ArrayList 类可能包含各种不同对象的集合。因此，可以按照使用数组的类似方式使用 <strong>ArrayList</strong>。您可以创建返回单个<strong>ArrayList</strong> 的字段，而不用创建返回类型化对象的数组的字段。但是，与数组相同的是，必须将<strong>ArrayList</strong> 包含的对象的类型告知 XmlSerializer。为此，需要为该字段分配<strong>XmlElementAttribute</strong> 的多个实例，如下面的示例所示。</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">public class Group{ [XmlElement(Type = typeof(Employee)), XmlElement(Type = typeof(Manager))] public ArrayList Info; }</pre> <p><br /> </p> <h2 class="heading">使用 XmlRootAttribute 和 XmlTypeAttribute 控制类的序列化</h2> <div id="sectionSection5" class="seeAlsoNoToggleSection"> <p>能且只能应用于一个类的属性有下面两种：XmlRootAttribute 和 XmlTypeAttribute。这两种属性非常相似。<strong>XmlRootAttribute</strong> 只能应用于一个类：序列化时，该类表示 XML 文档的开始和结束元素，也就是根元素。另一方面，<strong>XmlTypeAttribute</strong> 可以应用于任何一个类，包括根类。</p> <p>例如，在上面的示例中，<code>Group</code> 类就是根类，而其所有的公共字段和属性变成 XML 文档中的 XML 元素。因此，只能有一个根类。通过应用<strong>XmlRootAttribute</strong>，可以控制<strong>XmlSerializer</strong> 所生成的 XML 流。例如，可以更改元素名称和命名空间。</p> <p>使用 <strong>XmlTypeAttribute</strong> 可以控制所生成 XML 的架构。需要通过 XML Web services 发布架构时，这项功能很有用。下面的示例将<strong>XmlTypeAttribute</strong> 和<strong>XmlRootAttribute</strong> 同时应用于同一个类。</p> </div> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">[XmlRoot("NewGroupName")] [XmlType("NewTypeName")] public class Group{ public Employee[] Employees; }</pre> <p><br /> </p> <p>如果对该类进行编译，并且使用 XML 架构定义工具生成其架构，可能会找到下面描述 <code>Group</code> 的 XML。</p> <p> </p> <table class="ke-zeroborder" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><pre><xs:element name="NewGroupName" type="NewTypeName"></pre></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <p>相比之下，如果是对该类的实例进行序列化，则只能在 XML 文档中找到 <code>NewGroupName</code>。</p> <table class="ke-zeroborder" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><NewGroupName> . . .</NewGroupName></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>最后来贴一个自己的XML解析实例</p> <p>XML结构如下：</p> <pre class="brush:xml; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Root> <Person IDCard="610424199902230099" Name="小田雨" MedicalID="体检编号" Sex="男" Age="22" MedicalRecordDate ="2011-01-01" MedicalReportDate="2011-01-01" MedicalCount="体检次数" HospitalID="001" HospitalName="兴隆园医院" > <Results> <Result></Result> <Result></Result> <Result></Result> </Results> <Conclusions> <Conclusion></Conclusion> <Conclusion></Conclusion> <Conclusion></Conclusion> </Conclusions> <Suggestions> <Suggestion></Suggestion> <Suggestion></Suggestion> <Suggestion></Suggestion> </Suggestions> <Health> 为空（预留）</Health> </Person> <MedicalItems> <MedicalSub ID ="0001" Name="化学检查" > <MedicalType ID ="0001001" Name="血常规" MedicalDoc="体检医师名字" MedicalDate="2011-02-13"> <Item ID="000100010001" Name="白细胞" Unit="G/L" Parameters="3.7--10.0" > <Results>H==高，L=低，N=正常</Results> <Value>11.1</Value> <Disease></Disease> <MedicalBodyPart> </MedicalBodyPart> <MedicalImage> </MedicalImage> <Conclusion ></Conclusion> </Item> <Item ID="000100010002" Name="红细胞" Unit="G/L" Parameters="3.7--10.0"> <Results>H==高，L=低，N=正常</Results> <Value>11.1</Value> <Disease></Disease> <MedicalBodyPart> </MedicalBodyPart> <MedicalImage> </MedicalImage> <Conclusion ></Conclusion> </Item> </MedicalType> </MedicalSub> <MedicalSub ID ="0002" Name="物理检查" > <MedicalType ID ="0002001" Name="B超" MedicalDoc="体检医师名字" MedicalDate="2011-02-13"> <Item ID="000200010001" Name="胸部B超" Unit=" " Parameters=""> <Results>A=异常，N=正常</Results> <Value></Value> <Disease>病种，未见异常</Disease> <MedicalBodyPart>检查部位：胸部</MedicalBodyPart> <MedicalImage>影像所见</MedicalImage> <Conclusion >检查结论</Conclusion> </Item> <Item ID="000200010002" Name="腹部B超" Unit=" " Parameters=""> <Results>A=异常，N=正常</Results> <Value></Value> <Disease>病种，未见异常</Disease> <MedicalBodyPart>检查部位：腹部</MedicalBodyPart> <MedicalImage>影像所见</MedicalImage> <Conclusion >检查结论</Conclusion> </Item> </MedicalType> </MedicalSub> <MedicalSub ID ="0005" Name="五官科" > <MedicalType ID ="0005001" Name="眼科" MedicalDoc="体检医师名字" MedicalDate="2011-02-13"> <Item ID="000500010001" Name="视力/右" Unit=" " Parameters="1.0-1.5"> <Results>A=异常，N=正常</Results> <Value>1.5</Value> <Disease>病种，未见异常</Disease> <MedicalBodyPart>检查部位</MedicalBodyPart> <MedicalImage>影像所见</MedicalImage> <Conclusion >检查结论</Conclusion> </Item> <Item ID="000500010002" Name="矫正视力/右" Unit=" " Parameters="1.0-1.5"> <Results>A=异常，N=正常</Results> <Value>0.8</Value> <Disease>病种，未见异常</Disease> <MedicalBodyPart>检查部位</MedicalBodyPart> <MedicalImage>影像所见</MedicalImage> <Conclusion >检查结论</Conclusion> </Item> </MedicalType> </MedicalSub> </MedicalItems> </Root></pre> <p><br /> C#代码如下：</p> <p>代码有点多</p> <pre class="brush:c#; toolbar: true; auto-links: false;">using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Xml; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.IO; namespace 天健接口 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Root r = new Root(); r.Person = new Person(); r.Person.IDCard = "22"; r.Person.Results = new List<string>(); r.Person.Results.Add("1"); r.Person.Results.Add("1"); r.Person.Results.Add("1"); r.Person.Suggestions = new List<string>(); r.Person.Suggestions.Add("2"); r.Person.Suggestions.Add("2"); r.Person.Suggestions.Add("2"); r.MedicalItems = new List<MedicalSub>(); MedicalSub ms = new MedicalSub(); ms.ID = "ss"; ms.Name="de"; ms.MedicalType = new MedicalType(); ms.MedicalType.ID = "wa"; ms.MedicalType.Name = "s"; ms.MedicalType.MedicalDoc= "qa"; ms.MedicalType.MedicalDate = "2010-5-5"; ms.MedicalType.Item = new List<Item>(); Item it = new Item(); it.ID = "f"; it.Name = "s"; it.Results = "s"; ms.MedicalType.Item.Add(it); ms.MedicalType.Item.Add(it); r.MedicalItems.Add(ms); r.MedicalItems.Add(ms); Console.WriteLine("序列化成功……"); Console.WriteLine(XmlSerialize.SerializeXML<Root>(r)); } } [Serializable] public class Root { //[XmlElement] public Person Person; public List<MedicalSub> MedicalItems; } [Serializable] public class Person { [XmlAttribute] public string IDCard; [XmlAttribute] public string Name; [XmlAttribute] public string MedicalID; [XmlAttribute] public string Sex; [XmlAttribute] public string Age; [XmlAttribute] public string MedicalRecordDate; [XmlAttribute] public string MedicalReportDate; [XmlAttribute] public string MedicalCount; [XmlAttribute] public string HospitalID; [XmlAttribute] public string HospitalName; [XmlArrayItem("Result")] public List<string> Results; [XmlArrayItem("Conclusion")] public List<string> Conclusions; [XmlArrayItem("Suggestion")] public List<string> Suggestions; public String Health; } [Serializable] public class MedicalSub { [XmlAttribute] public string ID; [XmlAttribute] public string Name; public MedicalType MedicalType; } [Serializable] public class MedicalType { [XmlAttribute] public string ID; [XmlAttribute] public string Name; [XmlAttribute] public string MedicalDoc; [XmlAttribute] public string MedicalDate; [XmlElement] public List<Item> Item; } public class Item { [XmlAttribute] public string ID; [XmlAttribute] public string Name; [XmlAttribute] public string Unit; [XmlAttribute] public string Parameters; public string Results; public string Value; public string Disease; public string MedicalBodyPart; public string MedicalImage; public string Conclusion; } public class XmlSerialize { /// <summary> /// 反序列化XML为类实例 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="xmlObj"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T DeserializeXML<T>(string xmlObj) { XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); using (StringReader reader = new StringReader(xmlObj)) { return (T)serializer.Deserialize(reader); } } /// <summary> /// 序列化类实例为XML /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="obj"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SerializeXML<T>(T obj) { using (StringWriter writer = new StringWriter()) { new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType()).Serialize((TextWriter)writer, obj); return writer.ToString(); } } } }</pre> <p>来自：http://blog.csdn.net/bdstjk/article/details/7210742</p>