Android单元测试
qnng8004
8年前
<h2>Android单元测试</h2> <p>创建android studio工程，在app目录下的build.gradle中加入JUnit4的依赖。</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.0.0-beta1' }</code></pre> <h3><strong>创建Unit Test</strong></h3> <p>创建测试类Tools</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class Tools { public double sum(double a ,double b){ return 0; } public double abs(double value){ return 0; } }</code></pre> <p>在待测试的类(Tools)代码编辑器内，右键选择Go to -> Test</p> <p>或者使用快捷键Ctrl + Shift + T，Create New Test 。</p> <p>Testing library选择JUnit4</p> <p>Generate选择setUp/@Before</p> <p>Destionation package选择生成的测试类的包路径</p> <p>如下图：</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/9d307920d709253e1c880fe37923eaeb.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">1.PNG</p> <p>创建成功后会在app/src/test/java/me/peace/junit下生成测试类(me/peace/junit即Destionation package)</p> <p>一般与javas相关的单元测试选择test/java目录，与android相关的选择androidTest/java，若缺少这两个目录请自行创建</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/ac6619b53fcd4a47c1e12f258bb49e1a.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">2.PNG</p> <p>在这个测试类中加入具体的测试内容</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class ToolsTest { private Tools mTools; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { mTools = new Tools(); System.out.println("Before - setUp"); } @Test public void testSum() throws Exception { assertEquals(48d,mTools.sum(46d,2d),0); System.out.println("Test - testSum"); } @Test public void testAbs() throws Exception { assertEquals(46,mTools.abs(-46),0); System.out.println("Test - testAbs"); } }</code></pre> <h3><strong>实现Tools类</strong></h3> <pre> <code class="language-java">public class Tools { public double sum(double a ,double b){ return a + b; } public double abs(double value){ return Math.abs(value); } }</code></pre> <h3><strong>Run Test Unit</strong></h3> <p>右键ToolsTest类，选择Run->ToolsTest</p> <p>测试结果：</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/eb2a355cebf6303198c3c6579e45f471.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">3.PNG</p> <h3><strong>补充</strong></h3> <p>Generate选择setUp/@Before和tearDown/@After</p> <p>其运行顺序是setUp->测试的方法->tearDown(即Before->Test->After，且每个Test方法都会去执行一次setUp和tearDown方法)</p> <p>测试结果：</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/08175106bb1ff7034565e11350f701f6.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">4.PNG</p> <h3><strong>使用Espresso进行Instrumentaion Test</strong></h3> <p>在build.gradle中配置Espresso,在defaultConfig中添加</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"</code></pre> <p>在dependencies中添加</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'</code></pre> <p>完整的内容</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 24 buildToolsVersion "24.0.2" defaultConfig { applicationId "me.peace.espressostudy" minSdkVersion 15 targetSdkVersion 24 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.0.0-beta1' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:24.0.0-beta1' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2' }</code></pre> <p>编辑layout的布局文件,效果如图</p> <p style="text-align:center"><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/2a0e8d84f8c16bb6af5719d41426dea4.png"></p> <p style="text-align:center">5.PNG</p> <p>在MainActivity中加入如下代码</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">//按钮点击事件处理 public void print(View v){ TextView textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview); EditText editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edittext); textView.setText("message => " + editText.getText().toString().trim()); }</code></pre> <p>在androidTest/java目录下创建MainActivityTest并且添加如下代码</p> <pre> <code class="language-java">import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView; import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click; import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard; import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText; import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches; import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId; import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText; @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) @LargeTest public class MainActivityTest{ private String mExpectedString = "Hello"; @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule(MainActivity.class); @Test public void print(){ onView(withId(R.id.edittext)).perform(typeText(mExpectedString),closeSoftKeyboard()); onView(withText(R.string.print)).perform(click()); onView(withId(R.id.textview)).check(matches(withText("message => " + mExpectedString))); } }</code></pre> <p>选择MainActivityTest，右键Run 'MainActivityTest'</p> <p>手机屏幕就会看到被执行的动作，最后会看到as上输出测试结果。</p> <p><img src="https://simg.open-open.com/show/3c0b47a5800f6e55fe992d8a1d09fd44.png"></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>来自：http://www.jianshu.com/p/e8f4db41579d</p> <p> </p>