Docker 初次接触
jopen
10年前
Docker 初次接触
最近看了不少docker介绍性文章，也听了不少公开课，于是今天去官网逛了逛，发现了一个交互式的小教程于是决定跟着学习下。只是把觉得重点的知识记录下来，不是很系统的学习和笔记。
理论部分
- Docker 引擎包含了两个部分，一个守护进程作为服务器端来管理所有的容器。一个客户端，可以远程来控制服务端。
- Docker有公共的云端仓库 Docker Hub Registry，里面有可以使用的镜像
- 你可以认为容器containers就是沙箱box中的一个进程。这个盒子中包括了所有一个进程需要的东西，文件系统，系统库，shell等等，只是默认情况下他们是没有运行的。
- 我们可以在操纵和改变容器，然后通过命令保存成新的镜像
- 在需要使用容器id的地方，我们可以只输入前几个字符
操作部分
docker help 可以查看能使用的命令和简单描述
查看版本
you@tutorial:~$ docker version Docker Emulator version 0.1.3 Emulating: Client version: 0.5.3 Server version: 0.5.3 Go version: go1.1从公共云仓库中查找一个镜像 tutorial
you@tutorial:~$ docker search tutorial Found 1 results matching your query (“tutorial”) NAME DESCRIPTION learn/tutorial An image for the interactive tutorial从仓库中拉取一个镜像，注意要写这个镜像的全名
you@tutorial:~$ docker pull learn/tutorial Pulling repository learn/tutorial from https://index.docker.io/v1 Pulling image 8dbd9e392a964056420e5d58ca5cc376ef18e2de93b5cc90e868a1bbc8318c1c (precise) from ubuntu Pulling image b750fe79269d2ec9a3c593ef05b4332b1d1a02a62b4accb2c21d589ff2f5f2dc (12.10) from ubuntu Pulling image 27cf784147099545 () from tutorial启动一个docker并且运行命令
you@tutorial:~$ docker run learn/tutorial echo “hello boy” hello boytips：这里是启动了一个容器并且运行了一个命令，当命令运行完的时候容器就停止了。可以通过docker的ps命令查看当前正在运行的容器。
you@tutorial:~$ docker ps ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS安装一个软件ping
you@tutorial:~$ docker run learn/tutorial apt-get install -y ping Reading package lists… Building dependency tree… The following NEW packages will be installed: iputils-ping 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 56.1 kB of archives. After this operation, 143 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main iputils-ping amd64 3:20101006-1ubuntu1 [56.1 kB] debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed Fetched 56.1 kB in 1s (50.3 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package iputils-ping. (Reading database … 7545 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking iputils-ping (from …/iputils-ping_3%3a20101006-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) … Setting up iputils-ping (3:20101006-1ubuntu1)查看改变之后的容器，然后保存成learn/ping
you@tutorial:~$ docker ps -l ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS 6982a9948422 ubuntu:12.04 apt-get install ping 1 minute ago Exit 0 you@tutorial:~$ docker commit 6982 learn/ping effb66b31edb使用新的镜像ping google
you@tutorial:~$ docker run learn/ping ping www.google.com PING www.google.com (74.125.239.129) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from nuq05s02-in-f20.1e100.net (74.125.239.148): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=2.23 ms 64 bytes from nuq05s02-in-f20.1e100.net (74.125.239.148): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=2.30 ms 64 bytes from nuq05s02-in-f20.1e100.net (74.125.239.148): icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=2.27 ms 64 bytes from nuq05s02-in-f20.1e100.net (74.125.239.148): icmp_req=4 ttl=55 time=2.30 ms查看正在运行的容器的状态
you@tutorial:~$ docker ps ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS efefdc74a1d5 learn/ping:latest ping www.google.com 37 seconds ago Up 36 seconds you@tutorial:~$ docker inspect efef [2013/07/30 01:52:26 GET /v1.3/containers/efef/json { “ID”: “efefdc74a1d5900d7d7a74740e5261c09f5f42b6dae58ded6a1fde1cde7f4ac5”, “Created”: “2013-07-30T00:54:12.417119736Z”, “Path”: “ping”, “Args”: [ “www.google.com” ], “Config”: { “Hostname”: “efefdc74a1d5”, “User”: “”, “Memory”: 0, “MemorySwap”: 0, “CpuShares”: 0, “AttachStdin”: false, “AttachStdout”: true, “AttachStderr”: true, “PortSpecs”: null, “Tty”: false, “OpenStdin”: false, “StdinOnce”: false, “Env”: null, “Cmd”: [ “ping”, “www.google.com” ], “Dns”: null, “Image”: “learn/ping”, “Volumes”: null, “VolumesFrom”: “”, “Entrypoint”: null }, “State”: { “Running”: true, “Pid”: 22249, “ExitCode”: 0, “StartedAt”: “2013-07-30T00:54:12.424817715Z”, “Ghost”: false }, “Image”: “a1dbb48ce764c6651f5af98b46ed052a5f751233d731b645a6c57f91a4cb7158”, “NetworkSettings”: { “IPAddress”: “172.16.42.6”, “IPPrefixLen”: 24, “Gateway”: “172.16.42.1”, “Bridge”: “docker0”, “PortMapping”: { “Tcp”: {}, “Udp”: {} } }, “SysInitPath”: “/usr/bin/docker”, “ResolvConfPath”: “/etc/resolv.conf”, “Volumes”: {}, “VolumesRW”: {}查看本地镜像
you@tutorial:~$ docker images ubuntu latest 8dbd9e392a96 4 months ago 131.5 MB (virtual 131.5 MB) learn/tutorial latest 8dbd9e392a96 2 months ago 131.5 MB (virtual 131.5 MB) learn/ping latest effb66b31edb 10 minutes ago 11.57 MB (virtual 143.1 MB)把镜像推送到云端
docker inspect efetips： 这个是推送到docker的云仓库的，会有你自己的独立命名控件，账号注册地址
这个十分钟交互式的短教程可以让我们对docker有个感性的认识，最基本的使用和激发兴趣。