iOS中的系统通知

jopen 11年前

iOS系统可支持本地通知和远程通知,一个通知在客户端收到的时候可能是一个通知窗体,可能会播放一段通知声音,还有可能在程序图标上增加一个数字,还有可能三者皆有。

本文描述ios系统中计划local notification,注册 remote notification,以及处理 local和remote notification的步骤。本文中客户端API中notification推送指的就是remote notfication的推送

第一个知识点:准备个人定制音频作为提示音,

请注意下面四个小问题-----

1,
系统能播放的四种音频数据格式
Linear PCM
MA4 (IMA/ADPCM)
µLaw
aLaw
对应的后缀名可以是aiff, wav, or caf file. Then, 
2, 可以用afconvert来转换音频,例如把16位的线性PCM系统音频格式文件 Submarine.aiff 转换成IMA4音频,存为.CAF文件。
在终端执行即可
afconvert /System/Library/Sounds/Submarine.aiff ~/Desktop/sub.caf -d ima4 -f caff -v
3, 如何确定音频格式呢。
打开QuickTime Player-> Movie menu->Show Movie Inspector 
4, 个人定制音频必须是30s以下。否则就播放默认的声音了。

第二个知识点:预定一个Local Notification
需要了解下面5个步骤
1, Allocate 和 initialize 一个 UILocalNotification对象。
2, fireDate属性赋值
3, 设置别的几个体型要素 提示框,提示音,图标上的提示数字。也可以带别的个性化数据:通过userInfo带出去。
4, 然后Schedule这个通知。通过UIApplication.scheduleLocalNotification来预定执行或者立马执行presentLocalNotificationNow:
5, 也可以取消这个通知。用这个方法:cancelLocalNotification和cancelAllLocalNotifications这个方法

看下代码
/

/如何创建设定一个Notification  - (void)scheduleNotificationWithItem:(ToDoItem *)item interval:(int)minutesBefore {      NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar autoupdatingCurrentCalendar];      NSDateComponents *dateComps = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];      [dateComps setDay:item.day];      [dateComps setMonth:item.month];      [dateComps setYear:item.year];      [dateComps setHour:item.hour];      [dateComps setMinute:item.minute];      NSDate *itemDate = [calendar dateFromComponents:dateComps];      [dateComps release];         UILocalNotification *localNotif = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];      if (localNotif == nil)          return;      localNotif.fireDate = [itemDate addTimeInterval:-(minutesBefore*60)];      localNotif.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone];         localNotif.alertBody = [NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"%@ in %i minutes.", nil),           item.eventName, minutesBefore];      localNotif.alertAction = NSLocalizedString(@"View Details", nil);         localNotif.soundName = UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;      localNotif.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 1;         NSDictionary *infoDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:item.eventName forKey:ToDoItemKey];      localNotif.userInfo = infoDict;         [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:localNotif];      [localNotif release];  }          //程序运行在后台时候如何提交一个UILocalNotification。  - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {      NSLog(@"Application entered background state.");      // bgTask is instance variable      NSAssert(self->bgTask == UIInvalidBackgroundTask, nil);         bgTask = [application beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler: ^{          dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{              [application endBackgroundTask:self->bgTask];              self->bgTask = UIInvalidBackgroundTask;          });      }];         dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{          while ([application backgroundTimeRemaining] > 1.0) {              NSString *friend = [self checkForIncomingChat];              if (friend) {                  UILocalNotification *localNotif = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];                  if (localNotif) {                      localNotif.alertBody = [NSString stringWithFormat:                          NSLocalizedString(@"%@ has a message for you.", nil), friend];                      localNotif.alertAction = NSLocalizedString(@"Read Message", nil);                      localNotif.soundName = @"alarmsound.caf";                      localNotif.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 1;                      [application presentLocalNotificationNow:localNotif];                      [localNotif release];                      friend = nil;                      break;                  }              }          }          [application endBackgroundTask:self->bgTask];          self->bgTask = UIInvalidBackgroundTask;      });     } 

第三个知识点:注册 Remote Notifications



需要注册Apple Push Notification service ,有三步
1,调用 registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:方法
2,通过实现application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:这个delegate来接受从APNs传过来的device token。这个token是个binary的值
3,程序启动即需调用theregisterForRemoteNotificationTypes: 方法来注册推送。后期可以调用enabledRemoteNotificationTypes这个方法来改通知类型。
需要注意的事情:
如果网络不通,application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken这个方法和 application:didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:都不会被调用哦。 Wifi的时候,通过5223端口链接APNs通常连不上哟因为网管把端口封掉了哟。
  建议每次程序启动的时候都调用registerForRemoteNotificationTypes来重新获取设备相关的token,而不要缓存token.
这是因为,如果用户重装了iOS或者用户换了设备并且恢复程序备份到一个新的设备,都将导致这个token值不一样。
那通知就收不到了呗。

看下代码:
Listing 2-3  Registering for remote notifications  - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)app {     // other setup tasks here....      [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)];  }     // Delegation methods  - (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)devToken {      const void *devTokenBytes = [devToken bytes];      self.registered = YES;      [self sendProviderDeviceToken:devTokenBytes]; // custom method  }     - (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)err {      NSLog(@"Error in registration. Error: %@", err);    } 


第四个知识点:处理 Local and Remote Notifications
一般通知来时,程序有两种状态。
1,后台运行发送,需要窗体,声音和数字
点击窗体,启动程序。程序启动了在application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: 方法里面获取传递的数据
notification payload (for remote notifications) or 
local-notification object (for local notifications).

点击图标,启动程序。同样调用application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions,但是传参将不会有远程消息的任何信息


2,程序在前台跑着呢。
程序直接就调用application:didReceiveRemoteNotification:  (for remote notifications)这个方法了
 application:didReceiveLocalNotification: method (for local notifications)


总之要实现UIApplicationDelegate协议
实现application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:方法
实现application:didReceiveRemoteNotification:方法
或者实现application:didReceiveLocalNotification:方法


3,那如何判断区别前台还是后台这两种状况呢。


用这个属性applicationState来判断。
若为UIApplicationStateInactive就是用户点击通知框按钮进来的。
若为UIApplicationStateActive,就是前台正跑着呢。


当iOS收到远程消息时,

看下代码


//Handling a local notification when an application is launched  - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)app didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {      UILocalNotification *localNotif =          [launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey];      if (localNotif) {          NSString *itemName = [localNotif.userInfo objectForKey:ToDoItemKey];          [viewController displayItem:itemName];  // custom method          application.applicationIconBadgeNumber = localNotif.applicationIconBadgeNumber-1;      }      [window addSubview:viewController.view];      [window makeKeyAndVisible];      return YES;  }




这里可以通过UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey来获取通知传递过来的自定义数据




之后即可从provider方下数据了。
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)opts {      // check launchOptions for notification payload and custom data, set UI context      [self startDownloadingDataFromProvider];  // custom method      app.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 0;      // other setup tasks here....  }      Listing 2-6  Handling a local notification when an application is already running  - (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notif {      NSString *itemName = [notif.userInfo objectForKey:ToDoItemKey]      [viewController displayItem:itemName];  // custom method      application.applicationIconBadgeNumber = notification.applicationIconBadgeNumber-1;  } 

本文为意译,原文地址:https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation /NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/IPhoneOSClientImp/IPhoneOSClientImp.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008194-CH103-SW1