IOS自适应前段库-Masonry的使用
jopen
9年前
作者：Jekyll
Masonry是一个轻量级的布局框架，拥有自己的描述语法，采用更优雅的链式语法封装自动布局，简洁明了并具有高可读性，而且同时支持 iOS 和 Max OS X。Masonry是一个用代码写iOS或OS界面的库，可以代替Auto layout。Masonry的github地址：https://github.com/SnapKit/Masonry
本章内容
- Masonry配置
- Masonry使用
- Masonry实例
Masonry配置
- 推荐使用pods方式引入类库，pod 'Masonry'，若不知道pod如何使用，情况我的另一篇文章： 提高ios开发效率的工具
- 引入头文件 #import "Masonry.h"
Masonry使用讲解
mas_makeConstraints 是给view添加约束，约束有几种，分别是边距，宽，高，左上右下距离，基准线。添加过约束后可以有修正，修正有offset（位移）修正和multipliedBy（倍率）修正。
语法一般是 make.equalTo or make.greaterThanOrEqualTo or make.lessThanOrEqualTo + 倍数和位移修正。
注意点1： 使用 mas_makeConstraints方法的元素必须事先添加到父元素的中，例如[self.view addSubview:view];
注意点2： masequalTo 和 equalTo 区别：masequalTo 比equalTo多了类型转换操作，一般来说，大多数时候两个方法都是 通用的，但是对于数值元素使用mas_equalTo。对于对象或是多个属性的处理，使用equalTo。特别是多个属性时，必须使用equalTo,例如 make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view);
注意点3: 注意到方法with和and,这连个方法其实没有做任何操作，方法只是返回对象本身，这这个方法的左右完全是为了方法写的时候的可读性 。make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view);和make.left.right.equalTo(self.view);是完全一样的，但是明显的加了and方法的语句可读性 更好点。
Masonry初级使用例子
// exp1: 中心点与self.view相同，宽度为400*400 -(void)exp1{ UIView *view = [UIView new]; [view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]; [self.view addSubview:view]; [view mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.center.equalTo(self.view); make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(400,400)); }]; } //exp2: 上下左右边距都为10 -(void)exp2{ UIView *view = [UIView new]; [view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]; [self.view addSubview:view]; [view mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.edges.equalTo(self.view).with.insets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(10, 10, 10, 10)); // make.left.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); // make.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(-10); // make.top.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); // make.bottom.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(-10); }]; } //exp3 让两个高度为150的view垂直居中且等宽且等间隔排列 间隔为10 -(void)exp3{ UIView *view1 = [UIView new]; [view1 setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]; [self.view addSubview:view1]; UIView *view2 = [UIView new]; [view2 setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]; [self.view addSubview:view2]; [view1 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.centerY.mas_equalTo(self.view.mas_centerY); make.height.mas_equalTo(150); make.width.mas_equalTo(view2.mas_width); make.left.mas_equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10); make.right.mas_equalTo(view2.mas_left).offset(-10); }]; [view2 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.centerY.mas_equalTo(self.view.mas_centerY); make.height.mas_equalTo(150); make.width.mas_equalTo(view1.mas_width); make.left.mas_equalTo(view1.mas_right).with.offset(10); make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).offset(-10); }]; } Masonry高级使用例子1
iOS计算器使用Masorny布局：
//高级布局练习 ios自带计算器布局 -(void)exp4{ //申明区域，displayView是显示区域，keyboardView是键盘区域 UIView *displayView = [UIView new]; [displayView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blackColor]]; [self.view addSubview:displayView]; UIView *keyboardView = [UIView new]; [self.view addSubview:keyboardView]; //先按1：3分割 displView（显示结果区域）和 keyboardView（键盘区域） [displayView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(self.view.mas_top); make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view); make.height.equalTo(keyboardView).multipliedBy(0.3f); }]; [keyboardView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(displayView.mas_bottom); make.bottom.equalTo(self.view.mas_bottom); make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view); }]; //设置显示位置的数字为0 UILabel *displayNum = [[UILabel alloc]init]; [displayView addSubview:displayNum]; displayNum.text = @"0"; displayNum.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"HeiTi SC" size:70]; displayNum.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; displayNum.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentRight; [displayNum mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.and.right.equalTo(displayView).with.offset(-10); make.bottom.equalTo(displayView).with.offset(-10); }]; //定义键盘键名称，？号代表合并的单元格 NSArray *keys = @[@"AC",@"+/-",@"%",@"÷" ,@"7",@"8",@"9",@"x" ,@"4",@"5",@"6",@"-" ,@"1",@"2",@"3",@"+" ,@"0",@"?",@".",@"="]; int indexOfKeys = 0; for (NSString *key in keys){ //循环所有键 indexOfKeys++; int rowNum = indexOfKeys %4 ==0? indexOfKeys/4:indexOfKeys/4 +1; int colNum = indexOfKeys %4 ==0? 4 :indexOfKeys %4; NSLog(@"index is:%d and row:%d,col:%d",indexOfKeys,rowNum,colNum); //键样式 UIButton *keyView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; [keyboardView addSubview:keyView]; [keyView setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [keyView setTitle:key forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [keyView.layer setBorderWidth:1]; [keyView.layer setBorderColor:[[UIColor blackColor]CGColor]]; [keyView.titleLabel setFont:[UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-BoldItalicMT" size:30]]; //键约束 [keyView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { //处理 0 合并单元格 if([key isEqualToString:@"0"] || [key isEqualToString:@"?"] ){ if([key isEqualToString:@"0"]){ [keyView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.height.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_height).with.multipliedBy(.2f); make.width.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_width).multipliedBy(.5); make.left.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_left); make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.9f); }]; }if([key isEqualToString:@"?"]){ [keyView removeFromSuperview]; } } //正常的单元格 else{ make.width.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_width).with.multipliedBy(.25f); make.height.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_height).with.multipliedBy(.2f); //按照行和列添加约束，这里添加行约束 switch (rowNum) { case 1: { make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.1f); keyView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:205 green:205 blue:205 alpha:1]; } break; case 2: { make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.3f); } break; case 3: { make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.5f); } break; case 4: { make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.7f); } break; case 5: { make.baseline.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_baseline).with.multipliedBy(.9f); } break; default: break; } //按照行和列添加约束，这里添加列约束 switch (colNum) { case 1: { make.left.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_left); } break; case 2: { make.right.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_centerX); } break; case 3: { make.left.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_centerX); } break; case 4: { make.right.equalTo(keyboardView.mas_right); [keyView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:243 green:127 blue:38 alpha:1]]; } break; default: break; } } }]; } } 本例子使用的baseline去控制高度位置，这似乎不是太准，如果想要精准控制高度位置，可以使用一行一行添加的方法，每次当前行的top去equelTo上一行的bottom。 给个提示：
for（遍历所有行) for（遍历所以列） //当前行约束根据上一行去设置 ......
下一个例子中，使用上面类似的方法
Masonry高级使用例子2
根据设计图，使用masonry布局：
步骤1
步骤2
步骤1
-(void)createUI{ UIView *titleView = [UIView new]; titleView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor]; UIView *caredView = [UIView new]; [self.view addSubview:caredView]; UIView *brifeView = [UIView new]; [self.view addSubview:brifeView]; //self.view self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.965 alpha:1.000]; //thrm UIImageView *plantThrm = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"defalutPlantReferenceIcon"]]; [self.view addSubview:plantThrm]; [plantThrm mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.and.top.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); }]; //title [self.view addSubview:titleView]; UIImageView *bgTitleView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bg-plant-reference-title"]]; [titleView addSubview:bgTitleView]; [titleView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right); make.left.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_right).with.offset(20); make.centerY.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_centerY); }]; [bgTitleView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.edges.equalTo(titleView); }]; UILabel *title = [[UILabel alloc]init]; title.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; title.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:26]; title.text = _reference.name; [titleView addSubview:title]; [title mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(titleView.mas_left).offset(10); make.width.equalTo(titleView.mas_width); make.centerY.equalTo(titleView.mas_centerY); }]; //植物养护 UILabel *caredTitle = [[UILabel alloc]init]; caredTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.172 green:0.171 blue:0.219 alpha:1.000]; caredTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:10]; caredTitle.text = @"植物养护"; [self.view addSubview:caredTitle]; [caredTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_bottom).with.offset(20); make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); make.height.mas_equalTo(10); }]; //将图层的边框设置为圆脚 caredView.layer.cornerRadius = 5; caredView.layer.masksToBounds = YES; //给图层添加一个有色边框 caredView.layer.borderWidth = 1; caredView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.521 alpha:1.000] CGColor]; caredView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [caredView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(caredTitle.mas_bottom).with.offset(5); make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10); make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(-10); make.height.equalTo(brifeView); }]; //植物简介 UILabel *brifeTitle = [[UILabel alloc]init]; brifeTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.172 green:0.171 blue:0.219 alpha:1.000]; brifeTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:10]; brifeTitle.text = @"植物简介"; [self.view addSubview:brifeTitle]; [brifeTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(caredView.mas_bottom).with.offset(20); make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); make.height.mas_equalTo(10); }]; //将图层的边框设置为圆脚 brifeView.layer.cornerRadius = 5; brifeView.layer.masksToBounds = YES; //给图层添加一个有色边框 brifeView.layer.borderWidth = 1; brifeView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.521 alpha:1.000] CGColor]; brifeView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [brifeView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(brifeTitle.mas_bottom).with.offset(5); make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10); make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(-10); make.bottom.equalTo(self.view.mas_bottom).with.offset(-10); make.height.equalTo(caredView); }]; } 完成之后如下图 步骤1
步骤2,在上面的基础上，增加植物养护部分ui构造的代码，思想是，先构造出四行，然后根据每行单独构造出行样式。
//把块拆分为四行 -(void)createIndexUIWithView:(UIView *)view{ //拆分四行 UIView *row1 = [UIView new]; UIView *row2 = [UIView new]; UIView *row3 = [UIView new]; UIView *row4 = [UIView new]; [view addSubview:row1]; [view addSubview:row2]; [view addSubview:row3]; [view addSubview:row4]; [row1 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.right.and.left.equalTo(view); make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25); make.top.equalTo(view.mas_top); }]; [row2 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.right.and.left.equalTo(view); make.top.equalTo(row1.mas_bottom); make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25); }]; [row3 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.right.equalTo(view.mas_right); make.top.equalTo(row2.mas_bottom); make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25); make.left.equalTo(view.mas_left); }]; [row4 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.right.and.left.equalTo(view); make.top.equalTo(row3.mas_bottom); make.height.equalTo(view.mas_height).multipliedBy(0.25); }]; [self createIndexRowUI:PlantReferenceWaterIndex withUIView:row1]; [self createIndexRowUI:PlantReferenceSumIndex withUIView:row2]; [self createIndexRowUI:PlantReferenceTemperatureIndex withUIView:row3]; [self createIndexRowUI:PlantReferenceElectrolyteIndex withUIView:row4]; } //构造每行的UI -(void)createIndexRowUI:(PlantReferenceIndex) index withUIView:(UIView *)view{ //index标题 UILabel *indexTitle = [UILabel new]; indexTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"HeiTi SC" size:14]; indexTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.326 alpha:1.000]; [view addSubview:indexTitle]; [indexTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(view.mas_left).with.offset(20); make.centerY.equalTo(view.mas_centerY); }]; switch (index) { case PlantReferenceWaterIndex: { indexTitle.text = @"水分"; UIImageView * current; for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ if(i<_reference.waterIndex){ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_water_light"]]; }else{ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_water_dark"]]; } [view addSubview:current]; //间距12%，左边留空30% [current mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(view.mas_right).with.multipliedBy(0.12*(i-1) +0.3); make.centerY.equalTo(view.mas_centerY); }]; } } break; case PlantReferenceSumIndex: { indexTitle.text = @"光照"; UIImageView * current; for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ if(i<_reference.temperatureIndex){ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_summer_light"]]; }else{ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_summer_dark"]]; } [view addSubview:current]; //间距12%，左边留空30% [current mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(view.mas_right).with.multipliedBy(0.12*(i-1) +0.3); make.centerY.equalTo(view.mas_centerY); }]; } } break; case PlantReferenceTemperatureIndex: { indexTitle.text = @"温度"; UIImageView * current; for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ if(i<_reference.sumIndex){ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_temperature_light"]]; }else{ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_temperature_dark"]]; } [view addSubview:current]; //间距12%，左边留空30% [current mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(view.mas_right).with.multipliedBy(0.12*(i-1) +0.3); make.centerY.equalTo(view.mas_centerY); }]; } } break; case PlantReferenceElectrolyteIndex: { indexTitle.text = @"肥料"; UIImageView * current; for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ if(i<_reference.electrolyteIndex){ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_electolyte_light"]]; }else{ current = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_electolyte_dark"]]; } [view addSubview:current]; //间距12%，左边留空30% [current mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(view.mas_right).with.multipliedBy(0.12*(i-1) +0.3); make.centerY.equalTo(view.mas_centerY); }]; } } break; default: break; } } //在步骤1createui的基础上，做了一些微调。 -(void)createUI{ self.title = _reference.name; UIView *titleView = [UIView new]; UIView *caredView = [UIView new]; [self.view addSubview:caredView]; UITextView *brifeView = [UITextView new]; [self.view addSubview:brifeView]; //self.view self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.965 alpha:1.000]; //thrm UIImageView *plantThrm = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"defalutPlantReferenceIcon"]]; [self.view addSubview:plantThrm]; [plantThrm mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.and.top.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); }]; //title [self.view addSubview:titleView]; UIImageView *bgTitleView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bg-plant-reference-title"]]; [titleView addSubview:bgTitleView]; [titleView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right); make.left.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_right).with.offset(20); make.centerY.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_centerY); }]; [bgTitleView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.edges.equalTo(titleView); }]; UILabel *title = [[UILabel alloc]init]; title.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; title.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:26]; title.text = _reference.name; [titleView addSubview:title]; [title mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.left.equalTo(titleView.mas_left).offset(10); make.width.equalTo(titleView.mas_width); make.centerY.equalTo(titleView.mas_centerY); }]; //植物养护 UILabel *caredTitle = [[UILabel alloc]init]; caredTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.172 green:0.171 blue:0.219 alpha:1.000]; caredTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:10]; caredTitle.text = @"植物养护"; [self.view addSubview:caredTitle]; [caredTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(plantThrm.mas_bottom).with.offset(20); make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); make.height.mas_equalTo(10); }]; //植物养护 数据 [self createIndexUIWithView:caredView]; //将图层的边框设置为圆脚 caredView.layer.cornerRadius = 5; caredView.layer.masksToBounds = YES; //给图层添加一个有色边框 caredView.layer.borderWidth = 1; caredView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.521 alpha:1.000] CGColor]; caredView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [caredView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(caredTitle.mas_bottom).with.offset(5); make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10); make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(-10); make.height.equalTo(brifeView); }]; //植物简介 UILabel *brifeTitle = [[UILabel alloc]init]; brifeTitle.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.172 green:0.171 blue:0.219 alpha:1.000]; brifeTitle.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti SC" size:10]; brifeTitle.text = @"植物简介"; [self.view addSubview:brifeTitle]; [brifeTitle mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(caredView.mas_bottom).with.offset(20); make.left.and.right.equalTo(self.view).with.offset(10); make.height.mas_equalTo(10); }]; //将图层的边框设置为圆脚 brifeView.layer.cornerRadius = 5; brifeView.layer.masksToBounds = YES; //给图层添加一个有色边框 brifeView.layer.borderWidth = 1; brifeView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.447 alpha:1.000] CGColor]; brifeView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; //文字样式 // brifeView.textColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.352 alpha:1.000]; // brifeView.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"HeiTi SC" size:12]; NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc]init]; paragraphStyle.lineHeightMultiple = 20.f; paragraphStyle.maximumLineHeight = 25.f; paragraphStyle.minimumLineHeight = 15.f; paragraphStyle.alignment = NSTextAlignmentJustified; NSDictionary *attributes = @{ NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:12], NSParagraphStyleAttributeName:paragraphStyle, NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor colorWithWhite:0.447 alpha:1.000]}; //植物简介数据 //brifeView.text = _reference.brief; brifeView.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString: _reference.brief attributes:attributes]; [brifeView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(brifeTitle.mas_bottom).with.offset(5); make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(10); make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(-10); make.bottom.equalTo(self.view.mas_bottom).with.offset(-10); make.height.equalTo(caredView); }]; } 完成之后如下图 步骤2