java之httpClient 3.x、AsyncHttpClient1.9.x使用总结

pdce 9年前

首先请大牛们见谅菜鸟重复造轮子的学习方式,本文适合新手看~

下面使用的同步http是HttpClient 3.X 的版本,不过早已 不在维护 ,如果刚开始使用http,建议大家都换成 4.X 版本,别看下面的有关同步http的部分了,4.x效率有质地提高,总结3.X只是因为无奈旧项目还在使用。后面再更新一篇有关4.x的,最新的HttpClient 4.X官方地址: http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.5.x/index.html

但鉴于可能有些旧的系统还是采用3.X版本的HttpClient,所以本文还是先记录下使用方法。

相反下面的异步http是Async Http Client 的 1.9.8 版本,这个版本还是挺好的。API请见: http://asynchttpclient.github.io/async-http-client/apidocs/com/ning/http/client/AsyncHttpClient.html

http使用场景很多,据以往经验,对于客户端来说,我们使用http一般会发出以下几种常见的场景:

  1. 以get方式请求服务器
    1. 不带任何参数
    2. 带上key-value对
    </li>
  2. 以post方式请求服务器
    1. 不带任何参数
    2. 带上key-value对
    3. 带上字节数组
    4. 带上文件
    5. 带上文件+key-value对
    6. </ol> </li> </ol>

      以上的场景一般可以满足一般的需求,然后,我们可以在这基础上扩展一点点:假如遇到一个类似于报表的子系统,主系统要在关键的逻辑链路中“打点”,通过http调用报表子系统记录一些相关的信息时,那么如果我们使用同步http来请求报表子系统的话,一旦报表子系统挂了,那么肯定会影响到主系统的运行。

      为了不影响到主系统的运行,我们可以采用“ 异步 ” 的方式通过http(AsyncHttpClient )请求报表子系统,那么即使子系统挂了,对主系统的关键链路的执行也不会产生多大的影响。所以,封装一个http组件,自然而然少不了封装异步http请求。而异步http所能够做的事情,也应该覆盖上面提到的几种场景。

      再者,考虑到效率问题,除非有足够的理由,否则每次调用http接口,都创建立一个新的连接,是相当没效率的,所以MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager 诞生了,HttpClient在内部维护一个 连接池 ,通过MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager 我们可以设置“默认连接数”、“最大连接数”、“连接超时”、“读取数据超时”等等配置,从而来提高效率。

      废话完了,怎么实现以上需求呢。

      包的引用:

      同步的http我使用的是org.apache.commons.httpclient的HttpClient的3.1版本。

      maven配置为:

      <!-- httpClient -->  <dependency>  <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>  <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>  <version>3.1</version>  </dependency>

      异步的http我使用的是com.ning.http.client的AsyncHttpClien的1.9.8版本。 注意 ,其需要依赖几个日志相关的组件、分别为log4j、slf4j、slf4j-log4j

      maven配置为:

      <!-- slf4j-log4j -->  <dependency>  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  <version>1.7.7</version>  </dependency>  <!-- slf4j -->  <dependency>  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  <version>1.7.5</version>  </dependency>  <!-- log4j -->  <dependency>  <groupId>log4j</groupId>  <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>  <version>1.2.16</version>  </dependency>  <!-- 异步IO -->  <dependency>  <groupId>com.ning</groupId>  <artifactId>async-http-client</artifactId>  <version>1.9.8</version>  </dependency>

      为了实现连接池,我们通过一个工厂类来生成httpClient,为了上一层方便调用,我们定义了一个接口,规范了同步、异步http应该实现的方法。包结构如下:

      一、同步的HttpClient 3.X

      从工厂入手,工厂负责初始化httpClient的配置,包括“默认连接数”、“最大连接数”、“连接超时”、“读取数据超时”等等,不同的服务我们应该创建不同的manager,因为不可能我们调服务A和调服务B使用同一套配置是吧,比如超时时间,应该考虑会有所差异。初始化完配置后,把 manager传到实现类,在实现类中new HttpClient。

      工厂代码如下:

      // 专门针对xx服务器的连接管理对象    // 因为不同服务可能超时等参数不用,所以针对不同服务,把连接管理对象区分开来,这只是其中一个    private static MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager xxconnectionManager = new MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager();    static {      // 专门针对xx服务器的连接参数      xxconnectionManager = new MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager();      HttpConnectionManagerParams paramsSearch = new HttpConnectionManagerParams();      paramsSearch.setDefaultMaxConnectionsPerHost(1000); // 默认连接数      paramsSearch.setMaxTotalConnections(1000);   // 最大连接数      paramsSearch.setConnectionTimeout(30000);    // 连接超时      paramsSearch.setSoTimeout(20000);      // 读数据超时      xxconnectionManager.setParams(paramsSearch);    }    /*     * 返回针对XX服务的httpClient包装类     */    public static SyncHttpClientWapperImpl getXXSearchHttpClient() {      return new SyncHttpClientWapperImpl(xxconnectionManager);    }

      注意 一点,这些连接数,超时等的配置,要做要调查工作之后再定夺,是根据访问服务的不同,我们自己的机器能有多少剩余的可用空间的不同而不同的,而不是随随便便就设置一个参数。

      实现类的构造方法如下:

      private HttpClient client;// httpClient    private final static String CHARACTER  = "UTF-8";    // 构造器,由工厂调用    public SyncHttpClientWapperImpl(MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager connectionManager) {      client = new HttpClient(connectionManager);      // 字符集      client.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, CHARACTER);    }

      这里有一个 挺困惑 的点:HttpClient有必要弄成静态的吗?即直接在工厂里面为每种服务生成一个静态的HttpClient,然后传到实现类?经测试,改成静态的效率并没有提高,在文件传输的测试中,甚至下降了,这个有点困惑,大家可以试一试一起讨论一下。

      然后,在实现类中实现各种方法。

      第一种,通过URL,以get方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。

      public byte[] getWithQueryURL(String queryURL) throws HttpClientException {      if(queryURL == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("queryURL is null.");      }      byte[] newbuf = executeByGet(queryURL);      if ((newbuf == null) || (newbuf.length == 0)) {        throw new HttpClientException("Server response is null: " + queryURL);      }      return newbuf;    }  private byte[] executeByGet(String url) throws HttpClientException {      HttpMethod method = new GetMethod(url);      // RequestHeader        method.setRequestHeader("Content-type" , "text/html; charset=UTF-8");      // 提交请求      try {        client.executeMethod(method);      } catch (Exception e) {        method.releaseConnection();        throw new HttpClientException(url, e);      }      // 返回字节流      byte[] responseBody = null;      try {        responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(method.getResponseBodyAsStream());      } catch (IOException e) {        throw new HttpClientException(e);      } finally {        method.releaseConnection();      }      return responseBody;    }

      接着,写一个通用的流解析方法,负责把返回的流解析成字节数组。
      private byte[] getBytesFromInpuStream(InputStream instream) throws IOException {    ByteArrayOutputStream outstream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();    try {      int length;      byte[] tmp = new byte[8096];      while ((length = instream.read(tmp)) != -1) {        outstream.write(tmp, 0, length);      }      return outstream.toByteArray();    } finally {      instream.close();      outstream.close();    }  }

      这样就完成了最简单的get请求的调用了。

      第二种:通过URL和paramsMap参数,以post方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。

      public byte[] postWithParamsMap( String queryURL, Map<String,String> paramsMap) throws HttpClientException{      if(queryURL == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("queryURL is null.");      }      byte[] newbuf = executeByPostWithParamsMap(queryURL,paramsMap);      if ((newbuf == null) || (newbuf.length == 0)) {        throw new HttpClientException("Server response is null: " + queryURL);      }      return newbuf;    }  private byte[] executeByPostWithParamsMap(String URL, Map<String,String> paramsMap)  throws HttpClientException {      PostMethod method = new PostMethod(URL);      // 构造参数      if(paramsMap != null) {        Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = paramsMap.entrySet();        Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();        NameValuePair[] nvps = new NameValuePair[paramsMap.size()];        int i = 0 ;        while(iterator.hasNext()) {          Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();          if(entry.getKey() != null) {            NameValuePair nvp = new NameValuePair(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());            nvps[i++] = nvp;          }        }        method.setRequestBody(nvps);      }      // RequestHeader,key-value对的话,httpClient自动带上application/x-www-form-urlencoded      method.setRequestHeader("Content-type" , "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");      // 提交请求      try {        client.executeMethod(method);      } catch (Exception e) {        method.releaseConnection();        throw new HttpClientException(URL, e);      }      // 返回字节流      byte[] responseBody = null;      try {        responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(method.getResponseBodyAsStream());      } catch (IOException e) {        throw new HttpClientException(e);      } finally {        method.releaseConnection();      }      return responseBody;    }

      第三种:通过URL和bytes参数,以post方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。
      public byte[] postWithBytes(String queryURL , byte[] bytes) throws HttpClientException{      if(queryURL == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("queryURL is null.");      }      byte[] newbuf = executeByPostWithBytes(queryURL,bytes);      if ((newbuf == null) || (newbuf.length == 0)) {        throw new HttpClientException("Server response is null: " + queryURL);      }      return newbuf;    }  private byte[] executeByPostWithBytes(String queryURL, byte[] bytes) throws HttpClientException {      PostMethod method = new PostMethod(queryURL);      RequestEntity requestEntity = new ByteArrayRequestEntity(bytes);      method.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);      // RequestHeader      method.setRequestHeader("Content-type" , "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");      // 提交请求      try {        client.executeMethod(method);      } catch (Exception e) {        method.releaseConnection();        throw new HttpClientException(queryURL, e);      }      // 返回字节流      byte[] responseBody = null;      try {        responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(method.getResponseBodyAsStream());      } catch (IOException e) {        throw new HttpClientException(e);      } finally {        method.releaseConnection();      }      return responseBody;    }

      第四种:通过URL、fileList、paramMap参数,以post方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。
      public byte[] postWithFileListAndParamMap(String queryURL,List<File> fileList,Map<String,String> paramMap) throws HttpClientException, HttpException, IOException {      if(queryURL == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("queryURL is null.");      }      if(fileList == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("file is null.");      }      if(paramMap == null){        throw new HttpClientException("paramMap is null.");      }      return executeByPostWithFileListAndParamMap(queryURL, fileList, paramMap);    }  private byte[] executeByPostWithFileListAndParamMap (String queryURL,List<File> fileList,Map<String,String> paramMap) throws HttpException, IOException, HttpClientException {      if(queryURL != null && fileList != null && fileList.size() > 0) {        // post方法        PostMethod method = new PostMethod(queryURL);        // Part[]        Part[] parts = null;        if(paramMap != null) {          parts = new Part[fileList.size()+paramMap.size()];        }        else {          parts = new Part[fileList.size()];        }        int i = 0 ;        // FilePart        for(File file : fileList){          Part filePart = new FilePart(file.getName(),file);          parts[i++] = filePart;        }        // StringPart        if(paramMap != null ) {          Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();          Iterator<Entry<String, String>> it = entrySet.iterator();          while(it.hasNext()) {            Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();            Part stringPart = new StringPart(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());            parts[i++] = stringPart;          }        }        // Entity        RequestEntity requestEntity = new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, method.getParams());        method.setRequestEntity(requestEntity);        // RequestHeader,文件的话,HttpClient自动加上multipart/form-data  //   method.setRequestHeader("Content-type" , "multipart/form-data; charset=UTF-8");        // excute        try {          client.executeMethod(method);        } catch (Exception e) {          method.releaseConnection();          throw new HttpClientException(queryURL, e);        }        // return         byte[] responseBody = null;        try {          responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(method.getResponseBodyAsStream());        } catch (IOException e) {          throw new HttpClientException(e);        } finally {          method.releaseConnection();        }        return responseBody;      }      return null;    }

      二、异步的AsyncHttpClient

      同样的,按照这种思路,异步的AsyncHttpClient也有类似的实现,不过写法不同而已,在工厂中,AsyncHttpClient使用的是AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder作为管理配置的类,也有类似连接超时,最大连接数等配置。

      工厂类:

      // 专门针对xx服务器的连接管理对象    // 因为不同服务可能超时等参数不用,所以针对不同服务,把连接管理对象区分开来,这只是其中一个    private static AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder xxbuilder = new AsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder();    static {      xxbuilder.setConnectTimeout(3000); // 连接超时      xxbuilder.setReadTimeout(2000);  // 读取数据超时      xxbuilder.setMaxConnections(1000); // 最大连接数    }    /*     * 返回针对XX服务的httpClient包装类     */    public static AsyncHttpClientWapperImpl getXXSearchHttpClient() {      return new AsyncHttpClientWapperImpl(xxbuilder);    }

      其使用了builder 的设计模式,活生生的一个例子,值得学习。

      实现类的构造方法:

      private AsyncHttpClient client;            public AsyncHttpClientWapperImpl(Builder xxbuilder) {          client = new AsyncHttpClient(xxbuilder.build());      }

      这样,AsyncHttpClient对象就创建完毕了。接下来是各种场景的实现,感觉异步的AsyncHttpClient封装得比HttpClient 3.X更加容易使用,设计得更好。

      第一种:通过URL,以get方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。

      public byte[] getWithQueryURL(String queryURL)      throws HttpClientException, HttpClientException {    if(queryURL == null) {      throw new HttpClientException("queryURL为空");    }    byte[] newbuf = executeByGet(queryURL);    if ((newbuf == null) || (newbuf.length == 0)) {      throw new HttpClientException("Server response is null: " + queryURL);    }    return newbuf;  }  private byte[] executeByGet(String queryURL) throws HttpClientException {     byte[] responseBody = null;    try {      Future<Response> f = client.prepareGet(queryURL).execute();        responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(f.get().getResponseBodyAsStream());    } catch (Exception e) {      throw new HttpClientException(e);    }    return responseBody;  }

      同样的,我们写了一个getBytesFromInputStream()方法解析服务端返回的流,我们发现,两个实现类里面都有一些共同的方法,这里可以考虑写一个父类,把这些方法提取出来。

      第二种:通过URL和paramsMap参数,以post方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。

      public byte[] postWithParamsMap(String queryURL,        Map<String, String> paramsMap) throws HttpClientException {      if(queryURL == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("queryURL为空");      }      byte[] newbuf = executeByPostByParamMap(queryURL,paramsMap);      if ((newbuf == null) || (newbuf.length == 0)) {        throw new HttpClientException("Server response is null: " + queryURL);      }      return newbuf;    }  private byte[] executeByPostByParamMap(String queryURL,Map<String,String> paramsMap) throws HttpClientException {      byte[] responseBody = null;      try {        RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder();        // 添加 key-value参数        if(paramsMap != null && paramsMap.size() > 0) {          Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = paramsMap.entrySet();          Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();          while(iterator.hasNext()) {            Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();            if(entry.getKey() != null) {              requestBuilder.addFormParam(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());            }          }        }        // 添加RequestHeader,key        requestBuilder.addHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");        requestBuilder.setMethod("POST");        // 添加URL        requestBuilder.setUrl(queryURL);        // request        Request request = requestBuilder.build();        // 提交        ListenableFuture<Response> f = client.executeRequest(request);        responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(f.get().getResponseBodyAsStream());      } catch (Exception e) {        throw new HttpClientException(e);      }      return responseBody;    }

      第三种:通过URL和bytes参数,以post方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。
      public byte[] postWithBytes(String queryURL, byte[] bytes)    throws HttpClientException {          if(queryURL == null) {    throw new HttpClientException("queryURL is null.");          }          byte[] newbuf = executeByPostWithBytes(queryURL,bytes);          if ((newbuf == null) || (newbuf.length == 0)) {    throw new HttpClientException("Server response is null: " + queryURL);          }          return newbuf;      }  private byte[] executeByPostWithBytes(String queryURL, byte[] bytes) throws HttpClientException {          byte[] responseBody = null;          try {    RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder();    // 添加 bytes参数    requestBuilder.setBody(bytes);    // 添加RequestHeader,key    requestBuilder.addHeader("Content-type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");    requestBuilder.setMethod("POST");    // 添加URL    requestBuilder.setUrl(queryURL);    // request    Request request = requestBuilder.build();    // 提交    ListenableFuture<Response> f = client.executeRequest(request);    responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(f.get().getResponseBodyAsStream());          } catch (Exception e) {    throw new HttpClientException(e);          }          return responseBody;      }

      第四种:通过URL、fileList、paramMap参数,以post方式请求服务器,返回字节数组。
      public byte[] postWithFileListAndParamMap(String queryURL,        List<File> fileList, Map<String, String> paramMap)        throws HttpClientException, HttpException, IOException {      if(queryURL == null) {        throw new HttpClientException("queryURL is null.");      }      if(fileList == null || fileList.size() == 0) {        throw new HttpClientException("fileList is null.");      }      if(paramMap == null || paramMap.size() == 0) {        throw new HttpClientException("paramMap is null.");      }      return executeByPostWithFileListAndParamMap(queryURL, fileList, paramMap);    }  private byte[] executeByPostWithFileListAndParamMap (String queryURL,List<File> fileList,Map<String,String> paramsMap) throws HttpException, IOException, HttpClientException {      if(queryURL != null && fileList != null && fileList.size() > 0) {        byte[] responseBody = null;        try {          RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder();          // FilePart          for(File file : fileList){            Part filePart = new FilePart(file.getName(),file);            requestBuilder.addBodyPart(filePart);          }          // StringPart          if(paramsMap != null ) {            Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = paramsMap.entrySet();            Iterator<Entry<String, String>> it = entrySet.iterator();            while(it.hasNext()) {              Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();              Part stringPart = new StringPart(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());              requestBuilder.addBodyPart(stringPart);            }          }          // 添加RequestHeader,key          requestBuilder.addHeader("Content-type", "multipart/form-data; charset=UTF-8");          requestBuilder.setMethod("POST");          // 添加URL          requestBuilder.setUrl(queryURL);          // request          Request request = requestBuilder.build();          // 提交          ListenableFuture<Response> f = client.executeRequest(request);          responseBody = getBytesFromInpuStream(f.get().getResponseBodyAsStream());        } catch (Exception e) {          throw new HttpClientException(e);        }        return responseBody;      }      return null;    }

      OK,入了个门后,更多的用法可以自己去看文档了,请不要局限以上几种常用的场景。